论“美译”— 林语堂翻译研究

陆洋

（湖南师范大学外国语学院翻译系，湖南 长沙 410081）

摘键要：作者从诗学的视角研究了林语堂翻译理论与实践中所表现出的“美译”思想、“美译”形式、以及“美译”价值与诗学传统之间的内在联系。作为中国历史上第一个从翻译的角度论“美”的翻译家，林语堂首次提出了翻译的美学思想。从翻译审美主体、审美客体、审美心理和审美效应等方面出发，林语堂提出了他的“忠实、通顺和美”的翻译观。本文认为，林语堂的翻译论，实际上是“美译”论。他借助不同层面的形式“越位”策略，来实现他的“美译”主张，并在此基础上创造出译文的新的形式美：浑整美、闲淡美与和谐美，从而建构起翻译的感性诗学。这种感性诗学与语言想象体现了现代知识分子对人类诗意的生存方式的关注。

关键词：形式；诗学；美译；林语堂

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)05-0049-07

Lin Yutang and the Aesthetics of Translation

Lu Yang

(Translation Studies Dept., Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China)

Abstract: This paper deals with Lin Yutang’s concept of“aesthetic translation,”its embodiment in both his practice and his thematization of translation, and its relationship with the Chinese and the western poetics. Subjecting to a critical analysis his three principles of translation, i.e.,“faithfulness, smoothness and beautifulness”, the author argues that Lin in effect took“aesthetic equivalence”for the ultimate criterion of translation, and thus became the first Chinese translator to embrace a kind of aestheticism in his practice, to systematize an aesthetically oriented theory of translation, and to provide us with a poetic language and even a poetic way of living in this world.

Key words: forms; poetics; aesthetic translation; Lin Yutang 

译学词典：词条右项信息素

郑元会 孙迎春

（山东大学外国语学院，山东 济南 250100；山东大学威海分校翻译学院， 山东 威海 264209）

摘键要：近年来，随着翻译研究的学科地位逐渐确立，译学词典开始成为本领域的一个新的焦点。本文针对译学词典词条的右项提出信息素概念，对信息素的建立、信息素类型、信息素与译学词典的评价等课题进行探究，旨在对译学词典的微观结构研究提供一种方法，以期有助于译学词典评价系统的建立和译学词典的编纂与研究。

关键词：译学词典；词条；信息素

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)05-0056-04

The Information Element of the Entries in a Translatological Dictionary

Zheng Yuanhui & Sun Yingchun

(School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China；School of Translation and Interpretation, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China)

Abstract: With the gradual establishment of the disciplinary status of translation studies, translatological dictionaries have become a new focus of the field in recent years. This article directs attention to“information element”as a concept with which to analyze the entries in such dictionaries. By looking into the way such elements could be identified and classified, and the new possibilities for lexicographical criticism the concept is capable of opening up, the co-authors outline a new method for studying the microstructure of the entries in translatological dictionaries.

Key words: translatological dictionary; entry; information element 

从诗歌Slowly的汉译谈起

张传彪

(福建宁德师范高等专科学校外语系，福建宁德352100 )

摘 要：中国“诗神”能够远游，甚至改变了美国现代诗的发展走向。可是英国诗人Mary Coleridge的一首袖珍诗的标题，却让中国译者一筹莫展。这是为什么? 本文通过对该诗的翻译和剖析，提出并深入探讨了一些诗歌翻译中存在的特殊问题。

关键词：Slowly；诗歌翻译

中图分类号：I059文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)05-0060-03

Why Slowly Is Recalcitrant to E-C Rendition:Hidden Issues in Poetry Translation

Zhang Chuanbiao

(Department of Foreign Languages, Ningde Normal College, Ningde 352100, China)

Abstract: Whereas the“Chinese Muses”have shown themselves to be capable of traveling afar and exerting their influences in the world, having even helped to change the course of development of modern American poetry, it is ironical that Slowly, the title of Mary Coleridge’s little concrete poem, should have driven Chinese translators to their wits’end. Taking this as a representative case, the author subjects attempts to turn Slowly into Chinese to a close examination and explores some hidden issues in poetry translation to which this case has alerted us.

Key words: Slowly; poetry translation 

诗歌翻译应是科学与艺术的结合

余富斌 卢艳丽

（江西师范大学外国语学院，江西 南昌 330027；商务印书馆英语编辑室，北京 100710）

摘 要：本文从翻译科学和艺术的角度探讨诗歌翻译的方法，着重从诗歌翻译的“体”、“意”、“化”及“精确”与“模糊”等几方面进行了初步的分析与研究，以期能深刻领会诗歌的意义，挖掘诗歌翻译的美学价值。

关键词：诗歌分析；可译性；体；意；化

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)05-0063-03

The Fusion of the Scientific and the Artistic Approach in Poetry Translation

Yu Fubin & Lu Yanli

(Foreign Languages College, Jiangxi Normal University，Nanchang 330027, China； The Commercial Press, Beijing 100710, China)

Abstract: This article deals with the method of poetry translation from both the scientific and the artistic perspective. Focusing on issues traditionally subsumed under such categories as form, meaning, and transformation, and paying special attention to the functional interplay between accuracy and ambiguity in the target text, the discussion aims to deepen our understanding of both the way a poem generates its meanings and the artistic values embodied in its translation into another language.

Key words：analysis; poetry; translatability; form; meaning; transformation 

Workload Studies：一项以人为本的口译工作调研

—国际会议口译协会（AIIC）译员“工作负荷研究”述评

杜争鸣 孟祥春

(苏州大学外国语学院, 江苏苏州 215006）

摘 要：本文在编译整理的基础上对国际会议口译协会（AIIC）研究委员会所做的“Workload Studies”调查研究项目做以概括性简述，并从中国口译的现状出发，指出该调研项目的结果对中国口译实践者与研究者在四个方面的重大参考价值，即口译研究的全面、系统化，口译行业的合理、规范化，口译市场的积极发展，行业的组织化。

关键词：国际会议口译；工作负荷研究；口译在中国

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)05-0076-04

Workload Studies: An Interpreter-centered Research Program

Du Zhengming & Meng Xiangchun

(Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006, China)

Abstract: Proceeding from a preliminary review of AIIC’s research program of“Workload Studies”, this paper looks into China’s current situation of conference interpretation and concludes that the AIIC program is of particular value to Chinese CI practitioners and researchers in four areas of their endeavor, namely, the systematization of their research, the streamlining and regulation of their profession, the positive development of the CI market, and the organization of their trade.

Key words：International conference interpretation; workload studies; CI in China 

特定的规范化：澳门法律公文翻译探讨

林巍

(澳门理工学院 语言暨翻译高等学校, 澳门)

摘 要：澳门法律公文翻译存在着诸多问题，其中最突出的，是缺乏符合现代汉语规范的法律翻译用语表述。本文从澳门三文四语（中文、葡文、英文，“三文”；广东话、普通话、葡语、英语，“四语”）的独特语境出发，剖析了其传统的“硬译”模式，特别是其中“字字忠实”而“整句失实”的实例，从而进一步提出应在语言和法律两个方面同时进行澳门法律公文翻译规范化。通过对于澳门现行法典、公文及有关法律教材的若干综合分析，该文认为澳门法律公文翻译应逐渐走向两个“接轨”，即对内，主要体现在与规范的现代汉语及规范的法律概念、术语表述的吻合；对外，则表现为与世界上其它大陆法系的德、意等及普通法系的英语术语进行对比、参照，从而有效地提高其翻译的专业化水平，同时也就逐渐形成其“特定规范化”的内涵。最后，探讨了在法律公文翻译中这种规范化与通俗化的并非矛盾的相互关系。

关键词：硬译；双接轨；特定规范化；专业化与通俗化

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)05-0080-06

In Search of a“Special Standardization”: Legal and Official Documentary Translation Within Macao’s Multilingual Environment

Lin Wei

(School of Language and Translation, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China)

Abstract: Among the many problems confronting Macao’s legal and official documentary translation, the most prominent one is a lack of standardized modern Chinese expressions with which statutory language can be appropriately rendered. While this has a lot to do with the complicated situation in which three official written languages and four spoken languages are in common use in Macao, the local tradition and norms of translation, which pay little attention to adequate rendition at and above the syntactic level, are also to blame. This paper analyzes a series of cases in translating Macao’s current laws, government documents and law teaching materials. On the basis of these analyses, it proposes that a double orientation, toward both the Chinese and the international legal discourses, be stressed in Macao’s efforts to set up a“special standardization”for the rendition of its legal documents and to improve the quality of its translation in general.

Key words: servile translation; special standardization

供稿：《中国翻译》杂志