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·译学研究·
翻译的文化建构和文化研究的翻译学转向
王宁
（清华大学外语系，北京 100084）
摘 要：本文继续作者一贯坚持的文化翻译立场，认为从文化的维度来考察全球化在文化领域内的影响和作用，完全应该将语言当作文化传播的一种载体，而考察和研究文化的翻译问题则正是将语言学的经验研究和文化学的人文阐释及翻译文本的个案分析结合起来的有效尝试，其最终目的是达到对翻译学这一新兴的尚不成熟的边缘学科的理论建构。作者认为，在当前这个全球化的大语境之下，翻译的功能非但不会丧失，反而会并且已经变得越来越重要，但伴随而来的就是传统的翻译的定义也应该发生变化：从单一的语言学定义发展为多重定义，恰如同文化的多重定义那样。在作者看来，在全球化的时代，信息的传播和大众传媒的崛起使得全球化与文化的关系尤为密不可分，那么翻译无疑是信息传播的一种工具，因而对翻译的研究也应该摆脱狭窄的语言文字层面的束缚，将其置于广阔的跨文化语境之下，这样得出的结论才能具有对其他相关人文社会科学学科的普遍方法论指导意义。当今译学界的一个当务之急便是对翻译这一术语的既定含义作出新的理解和阐释：从仅囿于字面形式的翻译（转换）逐步拓展为对文化内涵的翻译（形式上的转换和内涵上的能动性阐释），因此研究翻译本身就是一个文化问题，尤其涉及两种文化的互动关系和比较研究。翻译研究的兴衰无疑也与文化研究的地位如何有着密切的关系。基于上述理论预设，本文探讨了翻译对始于“伯明翰学派”的文化研究的意义，认为在文化研究陷入单一文化的自恋怪圈的今天，诉诸翻译也许是使其摆脱其危机状态的一个有效尝试。
关键词：翻译学；文化建构；文化研究；文化翻译；全球化
中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
1000-873X(2005)06-0005-05
The Cultural Construction of Translation and
the Translation Turn in Cultural Studies
Wang Ning
(Foreign Languages Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
Abstract: Building on its author’s long-standing advocacy of a culturally
oriented conception of translation, this essay maintains that since the
globalization in culture has made it necessary to view language as a means of
cultural communication, to explore issues in cultural translation is to make an
effective attempt at combining the linguistic-empirical study with the
cultural/humanistic interpretation of translated texts, with a theoretically
informed reconstruction of translation studies as the final goal of this move.
The growing importance of translation in our age of globalization calls for a
switch from a single linguistics-oriented definition of this practice to a
plurality of culturally inspired definitions. Since an increase in information
exchange and the rise of mass media have ushered in a global culture, the study
of translation as a means of communication should break out of the confines of
language and enter a broader cross-cultural context, so as to draw from
researches in other fields of the humanities and social sciences. Exploring the
significance of translation to Cultural Studies, the author also argues that to
appeal to a“translation turn”may well help cultural studies get over the“
crisis”it is experiencing currently.
Key words: translatology; cultural construction; cultural studies; cultural
translation; globalization
反思“通顺”
—从诗学的角度再论“通顺”
王东风
(中山大学外国语学院，广东 广州 510275)
摘 要：如果说翻译的第一标准是“忠实”的话，那么第二标准就非“通顺”莫属了。作为翻译的一个强制性标准，“通顺”是一个以译文读者为取向的概念，因此译者为迎合读者的阅读畅快，必然会用本土的语言价值观压制原文的诗学话语，原文充满陌生化的文学性或他性在“通顺”的钳制下，还会留下多少陌生、多少写意的放纵，值得我们反思。本文试从诗学的角度对这一标准给文学翻译所造成的负面影响进行剖析。
关键词：诗学；文学翻译；文学性
中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
1000-873X(2005)06-0010-05
Rethinking Fluency from a Poetic Perspective
Wang Dongfeng
(School of Foreign Languages, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China)
Abstract: If fidelity is deemed the first criterion of translation, the second
should certainly go to fluency. As an obligatory criterion, fluency is in
essence a target-reader-oriented concept, one which obliges translators to
repress the poetic discourse in the original so as to meet the target reader’s
“hasty eye to catch”. What invites rethinking here is that when the original
literariness or otherness, which is loaded with a sense of the strange, is“
ironed out”by fluency, how much room is still left in the translated texts for
the strange and the poetic. This paper tries to address this issue by
investigating into the negative effects which the demand for fluency is likely
to cause on literary translation.
Key words: poetics; literary translation; literariness
虽不能至，心向往之
—关于翻译标准的思考
余东
（广州大学外国语学院， 广东 广州 510405）
摘 要：明知译文不可能绝对忠实于原文，为什么千百年来，人们仍不弃不舍，执着地追求译文忠实？本文认为原因有：1.“忠实”是一种价值，一种理想境界，向善、求美是人类天性，虽不能至，心向往之；２.翻译标准体现在过程之中，阶段性的、相对的忠实是可求的；３.“信达雅”、“忠实”等术语已约定俗成，欲弃用或替代都很难。
关键词：忠实；主体；客体；译者；标准
中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
1000-873X(2005)06-0015-05
Why We Stick to Unrealizable Translation Criterion: A Reflection from
the Philosophical Perspective
Yu Dong
( School of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China)
Abstract: This paper discusses why we have been so obstinate in our pursuit of
fidelity as a key criterion for assessing translation, even though we are fully
aware that absolute fidelity is never attainable. Three explanations are
suggested herein. Firstly, fidelity is a value or an ideal and it is human
nature to pursue ideals even if they are beyond reach. Secondly, translation
criterion is a process rather than a fixed rule with which to measure
something. Though no absolute fidelity exists in translation, relative fidelity
is always within the realm of possibilities. Thirdly, terms such as fidelity
have become widely established and it is no easy replacing them or throwing
them away.
Key words: fidelity; subject; object; translator; criterion
·文学翻译·
论庞德的翻译观及其中国古典诗歌的创意英译
王贵明
（北京理工大学人文学院，北京 100081）
摘 要：埃兹拉·庞德英译的中国古典诗歌在英语诗歌发展中起到了积极的推动作用，但是由于其创意翻译法与中国翻译批评所坚持的标准相去甚远，这些译作在中国不仅一直没有被作为翻译佳品而得到充分的的肯定，反而被看成劣质译品，成了翻译和文化批判的把子。本文通过对庞德翻译理论的解析和对《华夏集》和《诗经》的译例分析，阐述庞德运用创新手法对中国古典诗歌进行文化和诗学兼容的创意翻译的意义及艺术特点，以期庞德的翻译理论和译作在中国能够得到中肯的评价。
关键词：庞德；翻译观念；中国古典诗歌；创意翻译
中图分类号：I059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
1000-873X(2005)06-0020-07
On Ezra Pound’s Conception of Translation and His Creative Rendering of
Classical Chinese Poems
Wang Guiming
(Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: In his capacity as both a theorist and a practitioner of translation,
particularly with his creative translation of Chinese classical poems into
English, Ezra Pound had contributed significantly to the growth of translation
worldwide and given considerable impetus to the development of modernist poetry
in English. Owing to the differences between the Chinese and the Western
criteria for evaluating translational works, however, Pound’s renderings of
Chinese classical poems have not been sufficiently appreciated by translation
scholars in China, and his theory of creative translation has fared even worse
in this country. To do justice to Pound, this paper takes a close look at his
translational theory, offering a detailed analysis of some of his translations
from Cathay and The Confucian Odes ( Shijing).
Key words: Ezra Pound; conception of translation; creative translation;
classical Chinese poetry
诗人译诗 译诗为诗
海 岸
（复旦大学外文学院，上海 200097）
摘 要：语言的多元性和语言文化的差异性否定了翻译的绝对性。诗歌翻译首先需要跨越的是对文本的理解，“诗者，译之所失也”；然而有所失必有所得，“诗者，恰为译之所得也”。现代诗歌翻译更多地被提升为一种再创造，给译者重建一首诗提供广阔的创造空间。我们推崇诗人译诗，译诗为诗，最看重的就在于诗人译者能够重建一种汉译的节奏。
关键词：诗歌翻译；隐喻；现代语境；汉译节奏
中图分类号：I059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
1000-873X(2005)06-0027-04
The Translation of Poetry by the Translator-cum-Poet
Hai An
(College of Foreign Languages, Fudan University, Shanghai 200097, China)
Abstract: The multi-dimensionality of language and the cultural differences it
encodes make it impossible to achieve absolute equivalence in poetry
translation. An equivalence-seeking mode of translating poetry demands above
all a thorough comprehension of the source text by the translator. Yet this is
an unattainable goal because”poetry is what gets lost in translation.”
Alternately, we may subscribe to the view that“poetry is what we gain through
translation,”and see translation of poetry as rather an act of re-creation by
the translator. The Chinese translation of foreign poetry by a poet/translator
may reconstitute the original and imbue the target text with a dynamic rhythm
distinct to the Chinese language.
Key words: Poetry translation; metaphor; context; rhythm
·公示语翻译·
编者按：为完善公示语翻译的语言环境，提高我国对外宣传翻译质量，中国译协于2005年9月国际翻译日之际，举办了首届全国公示语翻译研讨会。这里本刊选编研讨会主题发言的部分文章，以飨读者。从某种角度讲，公示语翻译是一个国家对外交流水平和人文环境建设的具体体现。我们期望广大读者能共同参与讨论，也期望公示语翻译的质量问题能够引起全社会的关注。
从翻译工作者的权利到外宣翻译
—在首届全国公示语翻译研讨会上的讲话
（2005年9月26日）
黄友义
再谈街道名称的书写法
郭建中
（浙江树人大学语言学院，浙江 杭州 310015）
摘 要：本文揭示了目前我国大、中城市中路名标牌书写混乱的状况，并根据国家有关部门的有关法律、法规和联合国地名标准化会议的有关决议，讨论了路牌书写的标准化问题，指出国家公布的《汉语拼音方案》和第二届联合国地名标准化会议关于“单一罗马化”的决议，是统一路牌书写必须强制执行的标准。同时，文章也廓清了对路牌书写法与国际接轨的一些误解。
关键词：路名；路牌；汉语拼音；单一罗马化
中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
1000-873X(2005)06-0034-04
The Alphabetical System of Writing for Road and Street Names in China
Guo Jianzhong
（Language College，Zhejiang Shuren University，Hangzhou 310015, China）
Abstract: Calling attention to the confusion in alphabetically spelling the
names of roads and streets in large and medium-sized cities in China, this
paper discusses how the signs in question could be standardized in accordance
with relevant Chinese laws and regulations, as well as with resolutions of the
United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names. It
argues that The Scheme of the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet, or Pinyin, and a
single romanization system adopted by the Second United Nations Conference on
the Standardization of Geographical Names, ought to be enforced as the basis
for standardizing alphabetical writing on street signs. The paper concludes
with a critique of some common misconceptions about the so-called“principle of
compatibility with internationally accepted practices”in alphabetical writing
for signs.
Key words: street name; road sign; Chinese phonetic alphabet; romanization
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