·翻译史研究·

澳门翻译的历史与现状①

张美芳 王克非

（中山大学/澳门大学； 北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心 北京 100089）

摘 要：澳门曾被葡萄牙管治了四百多年，经历了中西方宗教及商贸活动的洗礼，形成了相当独特的文化环境。在中葡两国交往的过程中，传译人员曾起过重要的作用。然而，真正大规模的翻译活动是在澳门回归祖国前后才开展起来的。本文以大量的史实资料，分回归前和回归后两大部分，展示了澳门翻译的发展过程。调查结果表明，翻译既是跨文化交际的桥梁，也是社会经济贸易兴衰的一面镜子。

关键词：澳门；翻译；历史；现状

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0039-05

Translation in Macao: Past and Present

Zhang Meifang & Wang Kefei

(Sun Yat-sen University/ University of Macau; Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100089, China)

Abstract: Macao was under Portuguese administration for over four hundred years and has developed its unique culture. In the long history of Macao, interpreters played an important role in the Chinese-Portuguese communication, facilitating religious interactions and commercial exchanges between the two communities in question. Large-scale practice of translation did not begin, however, until the mid-1990s, when the handover of Macao from Portugal to China was imminent. This paper reviews the development of translation in Macao, focusing on areas such as translator training, translation management, translation applications and translation publications. The findings of its investigation show that translation serves both as a bridge connecting different cultures and peoples and as a barometer of the vicissitudes of the societies concerned.

Key words: translation; Macao; past; present

·争鸣与商榷·

“五失本”乃佛经翻译之指导性原则

——重读道安《摩诃钵罗若波罗蜜经抄序》

曹明伦

（河北大学外国语学院，河北 保定 071002）

摘 要：我国古代译论家释道安在其《摩诃钵罗若波罗蜜经抄序》中提出了著名的“五失本三不易”之说，钱钟书先生因此将这篇译序称为我国翻译术开宗明义之首篇。但近年有学者认为“五失本”之说“既不是标准，又不是原则，也不是方法”，认为它说的只是“会使译文失去本来面目的五种情况”，从而使“五失本”之说的理论意义丧失殆尽。笔者认为，道安之论之所以对后世产生重大影响，是因为他对以往的翻译实践进行了细致的观察，做出了合理的解释，为当时的佛经翻译制定了具体的原则，为后来的译者指明了道路，为后世的论者树立了楷模。道安的“五失本”之说为译文语序之颠倒从语法上找到了理由，为译文句子之分合从文体上找到了依据，并规定了对原文内容删裁的范围和限度，它实际上是佛经翻译的指导性原则，对今天的译学研究仍有启发意义。

关键词：道安；摩诃钵罗若波罗蜜经抄序；五失本；翻译原则

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0051-04

Rereading Dao An’s“Preface to Chinese Version of The Prajnaparamita”

Cao Minglun

(College of Foreign Languages, Hebei University, Baoding 071002 ，China)

Abstract: An eminent Buddhist scholar and a theorist of Buddhist Scriptures translation in China, Dao An(c. 314—385) put forward a series of rules for translation called wu-shi-ben and san-bu-yi in his“Preface to Chinese Version of the Prajnaparamita (Praj~naapaaramitaa Suutra).”With wu-shi-ben he describes the conditions under which the translator would be allowed to 1) reverse the syntactic order of Sanskrit in order to produce conventional Chinese; 2) replace the unadorned style of the original with a graceful style so as to conform to Chinese readers’horizon of expectation; 3) omit dull and repetitious eulogies; 4) leave out unnecessary notes and commentaries in the middle of a passage and refrains at the end of it; and 5) exclude a paragraph repeating a preceding passage. Whereas traditionally, these precepts had been appreciated highly by translators, some contemporary scholars in translation studies have expressed a revisionist view that what Dao An formulated are neither methods nor principles, let alone criterions, and that his wu-shi-ben merely marks out five cases in which the meaning of the original was lost. This paper argues against the trend to under-evaluate Dao An’s contributions by appealing to a host of concrete evidence. It stresses Dao An’s continued relevance, maintaining that with the principles he first articulated, he would remain an inspiration for modern translation studies.

Key words: Dao An;“The Preface to Chinese Version of the Prajnaparamita”; wu-shi-ben; translation principles

语篇翻译观与汉译英的“正确、通顺和得体”

朱柏桐（天津外国语学院，天津 300204）

摘 要：不论采用何种文字，叙述文体都有一些共同的叙述规则，即每篇叙述文都有一个叙述中心（或主题思想）、叙述重点和叙述方式，抓住这些规则为搞好翻译提供了宏观框架。本文旨在论述掌握叙述规则对汉译英实践的指导作用，以具体实例说明注意译入语的逻辑、连贯衔接和词语的配合有助于提高翻译的质量，使译文达到“正确、通顺和得体”。

关键词：叙述规则；语篇翻译观；汉译英；逻辑；连贯衔接；词语的配合

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0055-04

Achieving“Accuracy, Fluency, and Appropriateness”in C-E Translation of Narratives: A Viewpoint from Text Linguistics

Zhu Botong

(Tianjin Foreign Studies University, Tianjin 300204, China)

Abstract：This paper discusses C-E translation of narratives from the viewpoint of text linguistics. Starting from an initial assumption that different languages share the same set of basic rules for developing narration, the paper calls for these rules to be applied to C-E translation. It argues that greater importance should be attached to understanding the logic, the cohesion, and the coherence of the receptor text, and to the coordination of the words and phrases employed in the target language as well. And it stresses in conclusion that only by taking the above-mentioned rules into serious consideration can the goal of“accuracy, fluency and appropriateness”be reached in the target text.

Key words: rules of narration; C-E translation; logic; coherence and cohesion; coordination of words and phrases

·语料库·

语料库语言学与翻译研究

刘康龙 穆雷

（广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院，广东 广州 510420）

摘 要:本文回顾了国内外基于语料库的翻译研究概况，并统计了1995至2004年发表于国内14个期刊上与语料库相关的文章，探讨语料库与翻译研究的结合与发展历程。调查分析发现, 近几年来，基于语料库的翻译理论研究在数量上已经取得了长足的进步，但同时也存在一定问题, 主要表现在忽视实证性研究和翻译教学理论研究。作者把此现象归因于学术界对翻译理论和翻译教学的长期不重视。

关键词: 语料库；翻译理论；翻译教学; 统计方法

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0059-06

Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies

Liu Kanglong & Mu Lei

(School of Interpreting and Translation Studies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China)

Abstract: On the basis of an analytical review of relevant publications in 14 Chinese journals from 1995 to 2004, the paper surveys the corpus-based translation researches at home and abroad, looking into the way this specialized area of inquiry has been developing in recent years. The findings are mixed. While much progress has been made in terms of the number of the papers published, insufficient attention has been given to empirical research and to researches in translation pedagogy. Underlying the existing problems is the marginalized status which the academe has assigned to translation theory and translation teaching.

Key words: corpus; translation theory; translation teaching; statistical methods

·翻译行业·

编者按：根据中国译协第五届全国理事会会议通过的新的章程规定，中国译协从原来的学术性团体发展为学术性、行业性并举的团体，中国译协的业务范围也从学术领域向行业领域扩展。为此本刊特设“翻译行业”栏目，旨在为从业人员提供一个交流的平台，就翻译行业的经营理念、管理方式、从业经验等问题进行广泛的交流与探讨，以提高企业的竞争力，促进我国翻译行业的健康发展。欢迎翻译行业从业人员惠赐稿件。

加强行业整合，服务全球化

——浅谈商业翻译服务运作中存在的问题与对策

仲善平 朱宪超

（重庆语言桥翻译有限公司，重庆 400060）

摘 要：商业翻译服务方兴未艾，翻译公司在拥有巨大机遇的同时也面临诸多挑战。如何抓住机遇，实现大发展，是每个翻译服务机构的经营者需要认真考虑的问题。笔者以为，现有的翻译公司如果在专业性、客户培养与服务、企业管理、人才培养等方面下功夫，走对方向，定大有作为。

关键词：翻译服务；质量；管理；人才；整合；全球化

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0067-04

How China's Commercial Translation Service Should Meet Its Challenges

Zhong Shanping & Zhu Xianchao

(Chongqing Language Bridge Translation Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400060，China)

Abstract: A fast-growing business sector in China, commercial translation service is being confronted with a range of daunting challenges right now. How to meet these challenges in order to enter a new phase of its development poses a pressing question for everyone working in this industry. The author maintains that if only serious efforts are made to have stricter quality control, better customer relations and service, more effective corporate governance and HR management, China’s translation service would find ample space for its further growth.

Key words: translation service; quality; management; human resource; integration; global business

·公示语翻译·

公共场所中文名称的结构与译名的规范

徐 剑（华东师范大学对外汉语学院，上海 200062）

摘要：本文根据作者一年来在上海进行的社会语言应用状况调查，首先对公共场所中文名称的结构与基本成分进行了研究分类，然后从名称的结构入手，归纳描写了中文名称的现存译法和潜在规范，并从构名成分翻译的角度探讨了规范公共场所中文名称翻译的问题。

关键词：公共场所中文名称；结构；翻译；规范

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0071-04

Componential Structures of Chinese Names of Public Places and

the Standardization of Their Translation

Xu Jian

(International College of Chinese Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China)

Abstract: Based on a one-year sociolinguistic investigation in Shanghai, this paper first classifies names of public places in Chinese according to their componential structures. It then describes and analyzes current strategies and norms for translating these names from the perspective of their base components. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the translation of such names could be standardized.

Key words: names of public places; componential structure; translation; standardization