西方翻译对等论在中国的接受效果

—— 一个文化的检讨*

杨 柳

（湖南师范大学翻译系，湖南 长沙 410081；北京外国语大学博士后流动站， 北京 100089）

摘要：本文作者对西方翻译对等论在中国的接受过程和效果进行了历史的清理和分析，阐述了翻译对等论对中国翻译学学科理论话语转型的深刻影响，并从接受美学的视角对这一理论的接受效果做了文化的审理。

关键词：翻译对等；接受；效果；美学；西方；中国

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0003-07

The Reception of Equivalence Theory in China and Its Effects on the Chinese Translation Studies：A Cultural Analysis

Yang Liu

（Translation Studies Department, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081,China;

Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100089, China)

Abstract: This paper offers a brief account of how the“equivalence theory”was gradually introduced to China, and goes on to explore its effects on the Chinese TS. The author then discusses how cultural conditions tend to give shape to these effects from the perspective of reception theory.

Key words：equivalence; effect; reception; aesthetics; China; the West

论接受理论对于翻译研究的解释力

胡开宝 胡世荣

（上海交通大学翻译与词典学研究中心，上海 200240）

摘要：任何文本的翻译都涉及文本的接受，译者是特殊的读者。因此，以文本接受为研究对象的接受理论对于翻译研究无疑具有解释力。然而，由于翻译与文本接受，译者与普通读者之间的差异，接受理论不能机械地套用于翻译研究。我们认为应在深刻理解和消化的基础上，在翻译研究领域合理运用接受理论，避免陷入一些认识上的误区。接受理论告诉我们：1）翻译文本可视为源语文本的意义潜势与译者前理解或期待视野相互作用的产物，不存在所谓终极性译本。2）作为文本的召唤结构，源语文本的意义空白与未定性不应随意填补。当不得不对这些空白和未定性进行具体化时，应注意具体化的恰当性。3）译者是翻译活动的主体，并非其中心或主宰。4）译本读者在翻译文本的接受与效应史中发挥着决定性作用，但对具体翻译活动的影响却不是决定性的。

关键词：接受理论；翻译研究；解释力

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0010-05

Reception Theory as an Explanatory Tool in Translation Studies

Hu Kaibao & Hu Shirong

(Center for Translation Studies and Lexicography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

Abstract: Since translation involves the reception of texts, with the translator as a special reader, reception theory is necessarily relevant to translation studies. There are, however, marked differences between translation and reception of texts and between the translator and the reader. These differences demand that we guard against the pitfall of mapping reception theory onto translation studies mechanically. If properly applied, reception theory could yield four major insights into translation. First, the translated text is the product of an interaction between the meaning potential of the source text and the translator’s horizon of expectations, and no“ultimate version” of the translated text hence exists. Secondly, as the appeal structures of the text, the blanks and indeterminacies are to be concretized only when the reader is not able to understand them. Thirdly, the translator is not the center of translation, but its subject. And finally, the reader of the translated text plays a decisive role in the reception of translated texts, rather than in the translation of texts.

Key words: reception theory; translation studies; explanatory power

中国翻译的赞助问题*

王友贵

（广东外语外贸大学外国文学文化研究中心，广东 广州 510420）

摘要：本文考察中国翻译的赞助问题。上篇考察从东汉末佛籍翻译至明末清初科技翻译两次翻译高潮期间，翻译活动的赞助问题，下篇讨论从晚清民国到中华人民共和国首30年翻译活动的赞助问题，集中考察以下几个具体问题：这四个时期里谁是翻译活动的赞助人？若赞助呈多元形态，其主要构成是什么？以什么方式资助？其基本运作方式是什么？赞助人和译者是什么关系（赞译关系）？赞助是否有条件？其条件是指令性的，还是建议性的？本文在尝试观察、回答上述问题的同时，兼述其赞助的动机和效果。

关键词：赞助；赞助人构成；赞译关系；动机和效果

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0015-06

The Issue of Patronage in China’s History of Translation:

148 A.D. —1978 A.D.

Wang Yougui

(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China)

Abstract：Dividing China’s 1,830-long history of translation into four phases, this paper examines the issue of patronage for translators between the years 148 and 1978. Among the questions it addresses are“Who were the patrons for translation and what was the structure of patronage in each of the four phases?”“How did the patronage work?”“What was the patrons’relationship to the sponsored translators?”“Did the patrons ask for anything in return for their sponsorship?”“What were the patrons’ primary motives?”; and “What were the effects of their patronage?”

Key words：patronage; translation; translator; motive; effect

言意之辨与象意之合

——试论汉诗英译中的言象意关系

刘华文

(南京大学汉语言文学与民族认同创新基地，南京大学外国语学院，江苏 南京 210093)

摘要：言、象、意作为中国古代哲学和诗学的核心范畴其关系定位代表了中国古代的语言哲学和诗学理念，从最初“言”和“象”这两种分别代表着概念思维和象思维的符号体系彼此独立，到逐渐携手共同服务于“意”的表达，在这个发展脉络的背后“言不尽意”这一语言哲学观念充当着促使象表述加入言表述的主要理据。以象表述作为诗性表述特征的中国古典诗歌在翻译成具有强言表述特征的英语时，翻译者面临着两种表述方式的取舍，同时也就会相应地影响到言象意之间的关系。

关键词：言；象；意；概念(名)思维/言表述；象思维/象表述；意象；汉诗英译

中图分类号：I046 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0021-04

The Relationship of Yan (Language), Xiang (Image) and Yi (Meaning) and

Its Implications for C-E Translation of Poems

Liu Huawen

（School of Foreign Languages, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China）

Abstract: Yan (language), xiang (image) and yi (meaning) are three key categories in classical Chinese philosophy and poetics. Initially, yan and xiang were deemed to be independent of each other and to embody respectively two distinctive modes of thinking, i.e., the conceptual and the imagistic thinking. However, they have finally merged into each other to serve the expression of yi (meaning). What has motivated the participation of xiang in the expression of yi is the philosophical notion that meaning (yi) is always in excess of verbalization (yan). When mapped onto the verbalization-dominated English in C-E translation of ancient Chinese poems, the relationship of the three elements is liable to undergo a re-alignment.

Key words: yan (language), xiang (image), yi (meaning), conceptual thinking; verbal expression; imagistic thingking; imagistic expression; image; C-E translation of poems

论文学翻译中译者的审美心理能力

屠国元 袁圆

（中南大学外国语学院，湖南 长沙 410075）

摘 要：翻译作为一门综合性、跨门类的学科与美学有着不解之缘。无论从理论上还是实践上，美学的理论思想和审美范畴对翻译都有一定的借鉴意义。本文试图结合心理学理论和美学理论来揭示译者的审美心理能力，探究译者进行翻译创作的心理机制，从而更好地了解译者在翻译过程中的审美心理。

关键词：译者；审美（心理）能力；审美心理结构

中图分类号：I046 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0025-03

On the Translator’s Aesthetic-Psychological Ability in Literary Translation

Tu Guoyuan & Yuan Yuan

(School of Foreign Languages, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China)

Abstract：As a comprehensive and interdisciplinary subject, translation studies is closely related to aesthetics, from which it has drawn extensively for its conceptualization and its practice alike. This paper discusses the translator’s aesthetic-psychological ability from both the psychological and the aesthetic perspective, probing the psychological mechanisms of literary translation with a view to better understanding the translator’s aesthetic psychology.

Key words: translator; aesthetic (psychological) ability; aesthetic psychological structure

论文学翻译中译者风格与作者风格的矛盾统一性

张玉双

（长春大学公共外语教研部，吉林 长春 130022）

摘要：风格传译是文学翻译中最敏感、最复杂，最有争议的话题之一。翻译的最高境界是使译作忠实地体现原作的思想内容，包括文体风格。因此，译者在翻译过程中不应该追求自己的风格，而应该忠实地再现作者的风格。但是，译者主观上不追求自己的风格，不等于客观上就不存在译者的风格，因为任何译作都会留有译者再创作的痕迹。译者如何在译作中再现作者的创作风格，又不至于使自己的翻译风格影响作者风格的体现，达到矛盾的统一性，是本文探讨和解决的问题。

关键词：文学风格；译者风格；作者风格；矛盾统一

中图分类号：I046 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0028-03

How to Deal with the Conflict between the Writer’s Style and the

Translator’s Style

Zhang Yushuang

（Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China）

Abstract: How to translate a writer’s style is considered one of the most sensitive, complicated and controversial issues in literary translation. Ideally, a translation ought to be able to achieve a stylistic and ideological unity between the translated version and the original text. It follows that in the process of translation, the translator should make every effort to preserve the original writer’s style truthfully, rather than to pursue his own. Yet even with the best of intentions, a translator could never suppress her own style completely, and is bound to leave traces of he own re-creation in the target text. This paper explores possible ways to minimize the interference of the translator’s own style in the representation of the writer’s style, and thus to extricate herself from the predicament.

Key words: literary style; translator’s style; writer’s style; unification of contradictions

重新审视现代语言学理论在翻译研究中的作用

——比利时“语言与翻译研究国际研讨会”专家访谈录

张美芳

（中山大学外国语学院，广东 广州 510275；澳门大学）

摘要：本文记录了笔者在比利时“语言与翻译研究国际研讨会”上的观察及对几位专家的访谈。该国际会议上所发表的论文质量及其涉及的研究专题在一定程度上反映了这样一种现实：语言学途径翻译研究正在扎扎实实地进行并开始取得显著的成绩。这种事实本身也肯定了语言学理论与翻译研究的密切关系及其对翻译研究的重要借鉴作用。几位受访专家更是站在纵览全局的高度，论述了翻译研究跨学科及多元化的性质、翻译研究的现状及存在问题。他们一致认为，现在该是心平气和地反思和总结翻译研究中的问题、脚踏实地多做一些翻译理论构建和实证研究的时候了。

关键词：现代语言学; 翻译研究; 理论建构; 实证研究

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0031-05

Re-examining the Role of Modern Linguistics in Translation Studies:

Interviews with Leading Scholars in the Field

Zhang Meifang

(Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; University of Macau)

Abstract: While attending the International Conference on the Study of Language and Translation held in Belgium in January, 2006, the author interviewed four leading scholars in translation studies. All the interviewees agreed that as an interdisciplinary area of inquiry, TS needs to draw on theories and methods from related disciplines. Since translation is by nature a linguistic activity and its practice can be represented only through language and texts, linguistics has the most to offer to TS. They also agreed that TS has now entered a new phase in its development, one whose task it is to consolidate and whose agenda includes constructing solid research models and undertaking more empirical investigations into the real state of translation.

Key words: linguistics; translation studies; research model; empirical studies

汉语析字及其英译研究

黎昌抱

（浙江财经学院外语学院，浙江 杭州 310018）

摘 要：析字是根据汉字的结构特点，采用析形、析音、析义等形式，来表达情意的一种修辞手法，其类式可分为化形、谐音和衍义三种。本文以语义三角理论为框架，通过比较分析析字的英译实例，评析其得失，进而探析其翻译原则。文章指出，首先，从理论上说，翻译析字格时，译者可做些积极努力，或搭设联想，或暗示参照，尽可能再现原作的这种“巧妙”，最终实现价值重构。其次，从析字格的翻译实践看，这种“趋同”原则似乎过于理想化，很多时候要想在译入语中寻找形式对应、意义相同的词语可以说几乎不可能。因此在不能求得价值重构的情况下，译者只要能将原文中蕴含的析字意图或特定思想传达出来，而不必强求形式对应，这也就等于接近忠实于原文。

关键词：汉语析字；奥格登—瑞查兹语义三角理论；英译；翻译原则

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0039-04

“Character-disassembling”as a Unique Rhetorical Device in Chinese and Its Translation into English

Li Changbao

（Foreign Language School, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China）

Abstract: Character-disassembling, which breaks a Chinese character down to its formal, phonetic, or semantic components in order to produce special emotional or stylistic effects, is a rhetorical device unique to Chinese. As such, it poses a special challenge to C/E translation. In its search of useful guidelines for rendering this special device into English, this paper utilizes the Ogden-Richards Triangle Theory of meaning and arrives at a number of conclusions. It maintains that with some necessary hints or clues being implanted in the target text, character-disassembling can be reproduced in the translation. Yet the differences between Chinese and English make it almost impossible to find an equivalent expression for this figure in the target language. In most cases, therefore, the reproduction of character-disassembling will be limited to the transmission of its implied thought or meaning rather than its formal features.

Key words: Chinese character-disassembling; Ogden-Richards Triangle Theory; C/E translation; translation guideline

也谈E/C和C/E 翻译单位的确定

袁晓宁

（东南大学外语系，江苏 南京 210096））

摘要：翻译操作单位的确定不能脱离具体转换的一对语言，就英汉两种语言而言，我们不仅要考虑以汉语为目的语的英汉翻译，也要考虑以英语为目的语的汉英翻译以及所涉及到的目的语民族和源语民族在文化、逻辑思维、审美观、语言民族风格等方面的差异。通过对汉英及其文化等因素的对比分析，本文认为英汉翻译应以句子为翻译单位，汉英翻译应以自然段为翻译单位。

关键词：单向接受性; 翻译操作单位; 语义重心

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0043-04

Unit in E/C & C/E Translation Revisited

Yuan Xiaoning

(Dept. of Foreign Languages, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)

Abstract: The unit of translation should not be determined without due regard for the two specific languages involved. As far English and Chinese are concerned, we should take into account their different cultural traditions, modes of reasoning, aesthetic tastes, and linguistic styles, not just focusing attention on the technical aspects of their mutual translation per se. On the basis of a comprehensive comparison and contrast between these two languages, the article concludes that the proper unit for E/C translation should be sentence, whereas paragraph would serve that purpose in C/E translation.

Key words: one-way acceptability; translating unit; semantic focus

以正当程序保证翻译质量和翻译教学效果

李长栓

（北京外国语大学高级翻译学院，北京 100089）

摘要：充分的调查研究可谓翻译的正当程序。遵守正当程序是减少翻译失误的重要保障。如何帮助学生树立严谨的译风、掌握翻译的正当程序，是翻译培训面临的挑战之一。在翻译教学中要求学生撰写翻译笔记，证明是应对这一挑战的有效工具，笔者称之为翻译教学的正当程序。

关键词：翻译教学；正当程序；翻译笔记；调查研究

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0049-04

Ensuring Adequate Results with the“Due Process”:

The Role of Translator’s Notes in Translation Teaching

Li Changshuan

(Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100089, China)

Abstract: Pre-translation research guarantees the quality of translated texts and must therefore be regarded the“due process”for translation. One of the challenges facing trainers of translators is to make the trainees see the significance of this due process and the importance of putting it into practice. An effective way of meeting this challenge is asking trainees to write down the translator’s notes, which may just as well be called the due process of translation teaching.

Key words: translation teaching; due process; translator’s notes; research

口译：选择、协商与顺应

——顺应论的语境关系在口译中的应用

马霞*

（桂林电子科技大学外语系，广西 桂林 541004）

摘要：本文从语用顺应论中语言具有变异性、协商性和顺应性的观点出发，对口译中语境的动态发展进行分析。作者认为口译是在特定的语境里一种复杂的交际行为，用目的语表达源语的交际过程是一个动态发展的过程，从始到终都处于变化之中。在不同的语境下，因顺应的意识程度不同而影响着人们对口译语言的选择；口译活动中译员之所以能够在使用语言的过程中做出种种恰当的选择，是因为语言具有变异性、协商性和顺应性的特点。

关键词：口译过程；顺应论；语境；动态过程

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0053-05

Interpreting: the Process of Variation, Negotiation and Adaptation

Ma Xia

（School of Foreign Studies，Guilin University of Electronic Technology，Guilin 541004，China）

Abstract: This paper aims to explore the dynamic context of interpreting process from the perspective of pragmatics，based on the variability、negotiability and adaptability in terms of the property of language according to Adaptation Theory. It first shows that interpretation is a complicated communicative activity，changed with the dynamic contextual process，when achieving the interpretation between the source and the target language’s fidelity. Based upon these analyses，this paper then continues to discuss the contextual factors on how to make choice of linguistic use from a variable range of possibilities in the process of interpreting，with its emphasis on how the interpreter should adapt to the metapramatic awareness.

Key words: interpretation process; adaptation theory; context; dynamic process

比较法律文化与法律翻译

林巍

（澳门理工学院 语言暨翻译高等学校 澳门）

摘要：在法律翻译中必然会涉及到比较法学中的许多问题，而对于比较法学的研究现已扩展到了比较法律文化的领域，因而法律翻译也必然会与比较法律文化学有着内在关系。本文正是通过对于二者的结合，从“语言符号、法律概念、法律文化及其相互影响”、“中西法律文化的对应及其翻译”以及“法律文化融合趋势及法律翻译”三个方面加以探讨，提出了比较法律文化对于法律翻译的影响和作用以及在法律翻译中涉及到的诸多比较法律文化学中的问题，以期引起兴趣，进行多方面的研究。

关键词：中西法律文化；“功能对应物”；法律文化融合；法律语言

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0058-06

Comparative Studies of Legal Cultures and Legal Translation

Lin Wei

（School of Language and Translation, Macao Polytechnic Institute，Macao, China）

Abstract: Legal translation is often beset with issues in comparative legal studies. Since questions of comparative law can be properly dealt with only within the broader context of the legal cultures concerned, the study of legal translation is inevitably connected with comparative studies of legal cultures. This paper explores issues concerning the merging of these two fields, such as the relations between language, legal concepts and different legal cultures; the influence of legal culture on legal translation; "functional equivalents" between different legal cultures and languages. With the light the discussion throws on these issues, the author hopes that more substantial research may be followed.

Key word: legal culture; functional equivalent; translation; comparative studies

论商贸译名翻译的统一问题

刘法公

（华东师范大学，上海200062；浙江工商大学，浙江 杭州 310035）

摘要：商贸汉英互译中的译名不统一问题始终是商贸译文的通病。这个问题若不尽快解决将继续危害我国商贸信息的国际交流。重要商贸译名的统一和规范化，是国家对外开放水平的标志，也是国家经济和文化工作严肃性的表现。本文通过许多最新译例评估当前我国商贸翻译中译名不统一问题的严重性，提出商贸翻译“译名统一”的四条原则，期望作为行业标准推广执行。这是我们解决商贸译名不统一难题的必然选择。

关键词：译名翻译； 商贸； 统一问题

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0064-05

Consistency in Translating Terms or Names

in Business Documents

Liu Fagong

(East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062; Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China)

Abstract: Inconsistency in translating terms or names has been a common problem in C-E/E-C translation of business documents in China. Should it remain unsolved, much harm will be done to China’s business communication with the outside world. Consistency and standardization of key business terms or names is a key measure of a country’s international commerce, and a reflection of its business-like attitude. This paper proposes four principles concerning consistency in translating terms or names for business translators to follow. Citing recent cases of inconsistent translation of terms or names in business documents as illustrations, it calls on translators concerned to uphold these principles so as to overcome the inconsistency in question.

Key words: translation; business terms or names; consistency

英汉人力资源管理词语翻译探讨

李向红

（贵州行政学院，贵州 贵阳 550028）

摘要：人力资源管理作为一个大力发展，广泛使用的学科越来越受到人们的重视，很多有益的经验和实践从西方传到中国。在全球化的今天，企业需要适应不断变化的竞争环境，新的理论、概念、方法以及大量的案例不断涌现。人力资源管理词语翻译的效果直接影响到学习者和实践者的学习效果和工作效果。由于中西文化的差异，以及习惯、背景的不同，一些已有的和新出现的词语翻译是否正确、易于理解、接受和传播，都是不应该忽视的问题。 本文对人力对人力资源管理这一较新学科的英汉词语概念的译法提出一些看法，供同行参考，以求共识。

关键词：翻译；词语；人力资源管理；文化差异

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)03-0069-05

On the English-Chinese Translation of Human Resources Management Terms

Li Xianghong

（Guizhou School of Administration，Guiyang 550028, China）

Abstract: As human resources management plays an increasingly important role in the Chinese society, many Western ideas and practices in this field have been introduced to China. Whether we can correctly translate the technical terms will directly affect the result of our learning and practicing of HR management. This paper identifies some of the problems in the translation of human resource management glossaries, and suggests possible ways to deal with them.

Key words: translation; terms; human resource management; cultural diversity