“套套逻辑的必然”

——论翻译的非逻辑特质

蔡新乐

（河南大学外语学院，河南 开封 475001）

摘 要：逻辑本来是西方人的思维方式的特殊表现，但经历了几个世纪的帝国主义侵略之后，它几乎已经成为具有普世性的法则和言说方式。没有逻辑，则无话可说，属于名副其实的无理取闹甚或胡说八道。但是，就思想本身的从心所欲来看，人们既有能力跨越文化和语言边界，她|他们的力量应该来自于自身特殊的思维方式。如果逻辑以其毁灭性的力量，试图统一甚至同化所有人的思想，则其适应性必然遭受质疑。另一方面，不管是中国的思想家还是西方的哲学家，都已经开始揭露逻辑本身的弊端、它的重复性和封闭性，以打破它的中心主义态势。在这种思想背景下，翻译研究有必要有针对性地探讨逻辑问题。实际上，翻译历来都在拒斥逻辑的大一统作用。不这样，它存在者的地位早就岌岌可危了。

关键词：逻格斯；逻辑；翻译；西方形而上学；重复

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0003-05

The“Tautological Necessity”and the Alogical Character of Translation

Cai Xinle

（Foreign Languages College, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001，China）

Abstract: A culture-specific mode of reasoning in origin, logos or logic has long since assumed the status as the universal law of thinking and speaking as a result of the West’s centuries-old intellectual domination over the world. The nomological authority logic has been wielding is such that no human speech is likely to be judged rational and sensible without gingerly abiding by its principles. Yet the very possibility of boundary crossing in the realm of culture and language attests to the existence of radically different and yet just as enabling modes of thinking. And whether logic, with its intrinsic tendency to totalize and homogenize human thoughts, could adapt to a multicultural world of growing diversity, has become increasingly questionable. As more and more philosophers, both in China and in the West, are making efforts to de-center logic by exposing its inherent deficiencies, including its tautological character and its closedness as a system, translation studies would do well to re-articulate its troubled relationship with logic. A good point of departure for doing so would be to develop a conscious awareness that there is something incompatible between translation and logic, that to translate is, in a sense, to subvert logic’s totalizing claim as the one and only legitimate mode of thinking, and that in the resistance to such a claim, one finds no less than a condition of possibility for the practice of translation.

Key words: logos; logic; translation; Western metaphysics; tautology

论西方译学发展的文化传统

──兼论中国译学对西方译学的借鉴和吸收

孟 凡 君*

（北京大学外国语学院英语系，北京 100871）

摘 要：本文通过对西方译学发展和文化形态演变的对应关系的探讨，指出西方现代译学理论体系是西方话语模式在科技文化形态下进行翻译阐释时的必然结果，从而指出了中国译学向西方译学借鉴吸收的路径。

关键词：文化形态；译学研究；译学理论。

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0008-06

The Culturally Sustained Development of Translation Studies in the West as a Model for Its Chinese Counterpart

Meng Fanjun

(Dept. of English, School of Foreign Languages, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

Abstract: Calling attention to the parallel developments in both the translation studies and the general cultural formation of the West, this paper argues that the systematization of Western thinking on translation could be more usefully understood as a natural product of the efforts to bring dominant discursive modes to bear on translational practices within a science-and-technology-centered cultural milieu. Such an understanding points to a new direction in which China’s developing translation studies could better learn from the experiences of its Western counterpart.

Key words: cultural pattern; translation studies; translation theory

论译者身份

——从翻译理念的演变谈起

廖晶 朱献珑

（中南大学外国语学院，湖南 长沙 410075；华南理工大学外国语学院，广东 广州 510641）

摘 要：本文对中外翻译史上翻译理念的演变做了整体上的梳理，揭示了译者在翻译活动中身份的变迁历程，认为译者的主体性经历了一个由蒙蔽到彰显的过程，并对译者身份的变化做了哲学层面上的剖析，正本清源，认为应该恢复译者在文化构建中应有的、与作者平等的地位。我们认为在翻译研究与批评中，译者的主体性地位应该受到重视。

关键词：译者；身份；翻译理念；主体性

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0014-06

On the Translator’s Changing Role

Liao Jing & Zhu Xianlong

(Central South University， Changsha 410075, China；South China University of Technology， Guangzhou 510641, China)

Abstract: Taking a survey of how the conception of translation has been evolving, both in China and abroad, this study shows the general pattern of change in the translator’s historically assigned role to be one from anonymity to prominence. A philosophical analysis of this trend offers much justification for further elevating the translator’s status, so that, within the cultural formation of the practice concerned, the translator becomes on a par with the author. As a key step toward the realization of this goal, more importance ought to be attached, in both the theorization and the criticism of translation, to the translator’s subjectivity.

Key words: translator; role; conception of translation; subjectivity

翻译“间性文化”论

杨柳

（湖南师范大学外国语学院翻译系，湖南 长沙 410081）

摘 要：翻译的文化实践证明，翻译是多种文化之间的对话活动。在翻译过程中，译者通过多种“间性”即“多元对话性”的建立，来表达自己对于多元文化共存的世界的美好向往。在本文中，作者以著名翻译家林语堂的跨文化翻译实践为个案，从理论间性、话语间性、性别间性、主体间性和文化间性等层面分析了翻译“间性”凸现的轨迹，并从哲学的视角出发，深入追问了翻译“间性”与文化信仰和文化哲学之间的关系，从而说明，翻译文化实际上是一种“间性文化”。通过多种“间性”的建立，翻译使不同语言、不同性别、不同种族和不同文化之间达到相互对话、相互依存的目的。在这个层面上，翻译赋有更高层次的文化哲学意义：翻译是对人类生存方式的阐释与追求，它为差异共存、和谐共在的世界文化新秩序的重构提供了巨大的潜能。

关键词：间性文化；翻译文化；林语堂；和谐世界；哲学

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0020-07

Inter-ness as the Cultural Ideal of Translation

Yang Liu

(Translation Studies Department, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081，China)

Abstract：This article proposes that the cultural ethos of translation be defined in terms of inter-ness and harmony, and that the construction in the target text of an inter-ness with the source discourse be seen as the only means by which the translator’s cultural imagination could be opened up. Using Lin Yutang’s practice of translation as a representative case, the article directs attention to a whole range of“inter-”concepts, from intertextuality, intertheoreticality, interdiscursivity, intersexuality, intersubjectivity, to interculturality, as the philosophical underpinnings for the inter-ness that informs translation. And it also identifies the translator’s propensity for promoting co-existence and cooperation among different cultures, communities and peoples as its teleological concomitant. By pursuing inter-ness as its cultural ideal, translation is able to project a vision of a heterogeneous yet harmonious world and to push for a new global order predicated on mutual understanding.

Key words：inter-ness culture; translation culture; Lin Yutang; harmonious community；philosophy

从框架理论看翻译

汪立荣

(广州大学外国语学院，广东 广州 510405)

摘 要：根据框架理论，认知框架是记忆中适于表达客观现实的知识构架，是框架内各构成成分相互起协调作用的网络。语言的意义主要依赖于认知框架，语言表达式是激活认知框架的触发器或认知框架的支撑点。因此翻译的任务实际上就是需要找到能够激活与原语相同或相似的认知框架的语言表达式。由于不同语言存在框架系统和次框架的差异以及文化框架的差异，因此译者必须在目的语中重构框架成分的协调性以避免框架成分之间的冲突。本文在简单介绍框架理论之后试图探讨与翻译有关的三个问题：框架系统和次框架、文化框架以及翻译策略的运用。

关键词：框架；框架系统；次框架；文化框架；翻译

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0027-06

Applying the Frame Theory to Translation

Wang Lirong

(School of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China)

Abstract: The frame theory defines a cognitive frame in terms of a remembered framework to be adapted to fit reality, or of a network with frame components working harmoniously together. From a frame theoretical point of view, linguistic expressions function both as triggers to activate and as anchors to stabilize the cognitive frames on which meaning in language relies heavily for its generation. The task of translation is hence to find in the target language the linguistic expressions which help to activate the cognitive frames identical or similar to those in the source language. Since different languages are networks of different frame systems, subframes, and cultural frames, the translator must strive to avoid a conflict among frame components and to reestablish their harmony in the target language.

Key words: cognitive frame; frame systems; subframe; cultural frame; translation

How the Explicit/Implicit Bifurcation of Meaning Impacts on Translation

Marianne Lederer

Abstract: The bifurcation of the linguistic sign into an explicit (or synecdochical) and an implicit component, which are then arbitrarily paired together to produce meaning, makes it virtually impossible for texts in different languages to be formulated with the same explicit wording and implicit parts. This phenomenon ultimately explains why a literal translation of the explicit wording cannot hope to capture the sense of the source text. In order to convey the source text’s notional and/or emotional message, the explicitly worded ideas in one language, which also carry implicit parts making up the whole of sense, have to be expressed differently in the target language. Some of the implications of the original text may have to be explicated, while some of the explicit wording may become superfluous in the target language. Translators who feel it their duty to render the same sense in different forms are therefore vindicated.

Key words: language; text; explicit/implicit; synecdoche; sense; cognitive/emotive inputs

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0033-04

意义的显性/隐性双态对翻译的影响

玛丽雅娜·勒代雷

摘 要：语言符号的构成成分可以分解为显性成分（或提喻成分）与隐性成分两个部分，这两种成分随意组合，产生符号的意义。有鉴于此，同一文本的不同语言版具有完全重合的显/隐意义结构的可能性几乎完全可以排除。这一现象无可争辩地解释了为什么对原文显性措辞的直译不可能正确表达其意义。由于处于字面的显性措辞必须得到暗含的相关隐性成分的补充配合才能表达出文本的完整意义，如果要传达原文的概念信息以及（或者）情感信息，在将它翻译成目的语时调整和变动其显性措辞是不可避免的。原文的某些隐性成分需要加以显性化，而原文的一些显性措辞在目的语中会成为冗余，需要删减。这样一来，那些坚持以有别于原文的形式来传达其意义的译者就无可厚非了。

关键词：语言；文本；显性/隐性；提喻；意义；认知/情感输入

小说翻译的语义连贯重构*

王东风

（中山大学 外语学院， 广东 广州 510275）

摘 要：本文从语篇分析的角度入手，指出翻译是原文语篇连贯关系的重构的理念，着重分析了语义连贯的构成及其翻译对策，并以词汇衔接为语义连贯的构成机制，探讨了复现和同现两大衔接手段在连贯构成上的表现及其相应的翻译得失。

关键词：小说翻译; 语义连贯; 词汇衔接

中图分类号：I046 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0037-07

Reconstructing Semantic Coherence in the Translation of Fiction

Wang Dongfeng

(School of Foreign Languages, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275，China)

Abstract: From the perspective of textual analysis, this paper argues that to translate is in fact to reconstruct coherence relations of the original text. The discussion centers on the configuration of semantic coherence and its implications for translation. Since the achievement of semantic coherence is contingent on that of lexical cohesion, how reiteration and collocation, the two major categories of lexical cohesion, could be realized in the target text is singled out for a close analysis.

Key words: fictional translation; semantic coherence; lexical cohesion

增亦翻译，减亦翻译

——萧乾自译文学作品启示录

林克难

(天津外国语学院英语系, 天津 300204)

摘 要：本文通过对萧乾自译文学作品的研究，列举大量实例，认为萧乾采用的删节译法开创了文学翻译的一条新路，值得引起大家注意。文章分析了萧乾这种译法的动机与各种影响因素。笔者认为，文学翻译也不应该只有全译加注一种办法，应该而且可以根据不同的文本，不同的时代，不同的读者等诸多因素而采取不同的译法。

关键词：文学翻译；删节；增益；认知；文化

中图分类号：I059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0044-03

Toward Methodological Diversity in Literary Translation:

Xiao Qian as an Exemplar

Lin Kenan

(Department of English, Tianjin Foreign Studies University, Tianjin 300204, China)

Abstract: In translating his own works into English, the late Chinese writer-cum-translator Xiao Qian tended to leave out details from the source texts that may cause difficulties to the target readers’comprehension. In so doing, he not only blazed a new trail in literary translation by deviating from the time-honored full-translation-plus-footnotes approach, but challenged us to rethink the notion of a uniformed methodological norm for translation in general. A careful contextual reconstruction of notable cases from Xiao Qian’s self-translations shows that his decisions to exclude source text elements were never made out of the same technical consideration. If Xiao Qian’s approach teaches us anything, it is that translators ought to be granted the freedom to diversify their strategies in accordance with, among other factors, the genre, the epoch, and the reader concerned.

Key words: literary translation；subtraction；addition；cognition；culture

《好逑传》早期西文译本初探

谭渊

摘 要：作为第一部被译成西方文字并得以出版的中国长篇小说，《好逑传》在翻译史上具有无可替代的地位。本文主要就小说译本在欧洲传播的历史及其影响进行研究。通过对问世于18世纪60年代的英、德、法三个译本的对比研究, 本文指出, 各国译者在译文处理、注解、附录方面所做的大量工作是译本得以成为独特的文化载体并产生久经影响的成功之源。同时本文也指出了早期译本中存在的一些错误。

关键词：《好逑传》；早期译本；比较；文化传播

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0047-05

The Early European Translations of Hao Qiu Zhuan: A Tentative Discussion

Tan Yuan

Abstract: This article studies the first European versions of Hao Qiu Zhuan, the first Chinese novel translated into European languages. The focus is the history of its propagation and its contribution to cultural communication. With the comparison of the three translation versions in English (1761), German(1766), French (1766), this article attributes the success to translators’effort on processing of the translated text, annotations and appendix, which made the translations win prolonged glory in the western society. Meanwhile several mistakes in the first translations are also pointed out in this article.

Key words: Hao Qiu Zhuan; first translations; comparison; cultural

跨世纪《论语》三译本的多视角研究：

从理雅各、庞德到斯林哲兰德

——兼议典籍复译的必要性

魏望东

（中山大学北校区外语中心，广东 广州 510080）

摘 要：理雅各、庞德和斯林哲兰德分别在19、20和21世纪翻译了《论语》。本文从多种视角上对它们进行了比较研究，最后点评典籍复译的必要性。从翻译功能理论的视角上审视，三译者具有不同的翻译目的，这左右了他们不同的翻译策略和总体的翻译特点。从跨文化交际的宏观视角上，理雅各和斯林哲兰德采用厚重翻译法而庞德则直接把个人所悟出的《论语》意义重写出来，很少评注；从微观视角上，理雅各和庞德在翻译文化负载词时同一名称的译名不统一，斯林哲兰德尽可能保持译名的统一。从基于语言学的关于文本类型和相应的翻译策略的视角上，理雅各和斯林哲兰德的翻译比庞德的翻译较符合语义翻译法。最后的一种视角是德里达关于确当翻译的解构主义观点。

关键词：《论语》；典籍翻译；理雅各；庞德；斯林哲兰德

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0052-06

A Multi-perspective Comparison of Three Translations of Lun Yu: From James Legge, Ezra Pound to Edward Slingerland

Wei Wangdong

(Foreign Languages Center, Guangzhou North Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China)

Abstract: This article compares three celebrated English translations of Lun Yu （The Analects）, of the 19th, the 20th and the 21st century respectively, by subjecting them to a critical reexamination from four theoretical perspectives. This multi-perspective synchronic study of diachronically produced versions of the same source text casts new lights onto both the interpretation and the translation of Lun Yu as temporally situated practices, thus arguing for the need to re-contextualize and re-translate canonized texts constantly.

Key words: Lun Yu; classics; translation; Legge; Pound; Slingerland

同声传译中顺译的类型与规律

万宏瑜 杨承淑

（上海外国语大学英语学院 200083; 台湾辅仁大学翻译学研究所242）

摘 要：本文旨在探讨同声传译（包括视译）中顺句驱动的类型及其潜在的规律。Goldman-Eisler(1972) 的实验结果显示，有11％的译语是按照原语的自然停顿或信息单位的顺序产出的。本文用主述位理论和信息结构理论来分析中、英、日语料，发现主位的已知信息（旧信息）以及句首的附加成分（新信息），是较容易产生顺向驱动的条件。此外，本文归纳出的一些能够进行顺译的词组标志(phrase markers)可以用来检验顺句驱动在其他语言组合中的属性特征及其规律性的处理方法。

关键词：同声传译；顺句驱动；主述位理论；信息结构；已知信息；附加成分

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0073-04

Types and Rules of Syntactic Linearity in Simultaneous Interpreting

Wan Hongyu & Yang Chengshu

(Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China; GITIS, Fu Jen University, Taiwan, China)

Abstract: This paper investigates into the types of syntactic linearity and the rules for its realization in simultaneous interpreting. Taking as its point of departure Goldman-Eisler’s finding that encoding the chunks of speech as uttered in the source accounts for 11% of the total segmenting input, and drawing from the Theme-Rheme theory and the information theory, the paper analyses corpora in Chinese, English and Japanese and concludes that Given information in the position of Theme, and the new information functioning as adjunct, are most conducive for linearity interpreting. It also identifies certain phrase markers capable of being used to test the attributes and rules of linearity in other language pairs.

Key words: simultaneous interpreting; syntactic linearity; Theme-Rheme Theory; information theory; Given information; adjunct

从建构主义观点谈翻译课堂教学

陈葵阳

(安徽财经大学外语系, 安徽 蚌埠 233041)

摘 要：本文在反思传统的翻译课程课堂教学模式所存在的不足之处的基础上,以建构主义观点为理论依据,探讨英语专业翻译课程的课堂教学应包含的教学新理念,提出在翻译教学中教师应引导学生自主学习,积极主动地参与教学活动,在“译”中学习技能，体验规则，积累经验，建构知识，形成能力。

关键词：建构主义; 翻译课程; 课堂教学

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0078-03

How to Improve the Teaching of Translation: A Constructivist Perspective

(Foreign Languages Department, Anhui University of Finance & Economics, Bengbu 233041, China)

Chen Kuiyang

Abstract: Applying theoretical insights from constructivism to a reexamination of how translation has been taught, this paper identifies typical problems in the current approach and proposes a new pedagogical model. It emphasizes the importance of cultivating the students’initiative in the learning process and calls on the instructor to pay special attention to developing the students’cognitive abilities so as to help them become more effective in the construction of new knowledge.

Key words: constructivism; translation course; classroom teaching

从语篇功能看汉语旅游语篇的翻译

康宁*

（山东青岛科技大学 外国语学院英语系，山东 青岛 266061）

摘 要：本文从语篇及语篇功能分析入手，认为汉英旅游语篇分别具有指示功能，信息功能和描写功能，指示功能为主导功能，属语篇的内在功能；后两者为辅助功能，服务于指示功能，属外在功能。通过对英、汉旅游语篇的功能比较，发现两类语篇的内在功能一致，而外在功能在语篇内的体现却存在差异。据此，本文就汉语旅游语篇的英译提供了几点参考：1. 以译语读者为中心，实现指示功能的充分“对等”；2. 信息功能转换时应以译语读者的需要为根本；3. 描写功能的转换中关注译语读者的审美情趣。

关键词：旅游语篇；语篇功能；指示功能；信息功能；描写功能；译语读者为中心

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2005)03-0085-04

A Functional Approach to the Translation of Tourism Texts

Kang Ning

(English Department, College of Foreign Languages, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China)

Abstract: A comparative analysis of tourism texts in Chinese and in English foregrounds three functions both literatures are meant to perform: the directive, the descriptive, and the informational function. Of the trio, the first is central to how the tourism texts work as such and its definition hence remains basically the same whether in Chinese or in English texts. In contrast, the other two merely play auxiliary, add-on roles, and their definition varies markedly between the two languages. These discoveries have significant implications for C-E translation of tourism literature. They dictate that the right strategy for translating Chinese tourism texts into English should be based on three reader-centered principles: 1. striving to achieve adequate equivalence with the source text as far as the directive function is concerned; 2. making proper adjustments to the informational function of the source text to better serve the TL readers’need; 3. adapting the descriptive function of the source text to the TL readers’aesthetic norms.

Key words: tourism texts；text functions；directive function；informational function；descriptive function；TL reader-centered