国务院政策例行吹风会材料二

商事制度改革背景材料

（2015年2月27日）

国家工商总局

　　一、商事制度改革进展情况

　　推进商事制度改革，是党中央、国务院作出的重大决策，是减少行政审批、转变政府职能、释放市场潜力的重要举措。一年来，工商总局把这项改革作为全局性工作，坚持放管并重，举全系统之力积极稳妥推进。

　　（一）放宽市场准入,促进企业增量提质

　　改革放宽了市场准入条件，工商登记环节完全实行注册资本认缴登记制，取消注册资本最低限额、首次出资比例、货币出资比例、出资期限，公司登记不再提交验资报告。改企业年检制度为年报公示制度，任何单位和个人均可以免费在企业信用信息公示系统上查询企业年报信息。在9个省市试点推行电子营业执照和全程电子化登记管理，进一步推进工商注册制度便利化。积极协调推动简化住所（经营场所）登记手续，已有20个省（区、市）政府制定实施相关规定，8个省授权各地级市政府制定规定。

　　为顺利实施各项改革举措，国家先后修改、废止了一批法律、行政法规，工商总局制定、修改完善了配套规章，确保改革在法治轨道上推进。

　　与此同时，工商总局积极配合有关部门稳妥推进“先照后证”改革，国务院常务会议已经通过三批152项工商登记前置审批项目改为后置审批。对于国务院公布的113项前置审批改为后置审批项目，工商总局迅即发文要求全系统坚决贯彻落实，认真做好登记注册有关工作，现已落实到所有工商登记窗口。

　　按照《国务院关于促进市场公平竞争维护市场正常秩序的若干意见》（国发〔2014〕20号），工商部门正在全力推进工商营业执照、组织机构代码证和税务登记证“三证合一”登记制度改革。目前，全国共有24个省在全省（区、市）或部分地区推行实施了“三证合一”登记。

　　（二）加强事中事后监管，构建新型市场监管体系

　　商事制度改革以来，工商部门不断探索构建以企业信用信息公示系统为依托，以信息公示为基础、以信用监管为核心、以随机抽查和重点检查为主要手段的新型市场监管模式。按照“宽进严管”的要求，转变监管理念，改变原来的监管手段和方式，通过企业自主公示信息强化企业自我约束的主体责任，引导社会包括企业交易相对人、中介组织等充分利用企业公示信息，来评判企业信用状况，进而形成社会共治的局面。工商部门认真按照《企业信息公示暂行条例》的规定，对企业公示信息的行为进行监督检查，督促其真实、及时地公示其从事生产经营活动过程中形成的信息；做好自身在履职过程中产生的企业信息的公示工作；同时推进与其他部门之间的企业信用信息共享和失信联合惩戒工作。

　　一是信息公示情况。目前，各地工商部门搭建的企业信用信息公示系统运行良好，任何单位组织和个人都可以登录查询企业登记信息和年报信息，社会各方面对公示系统高度关注，系统的访问查询量不断增加。2014年10月1日《条例》正式实施以来，截至2015年2月15日，根据31个省（市）上报的数据统计，应当报送并公示2013年度年报的企业为1470.67万户，已有719.17万户企业报送公示了2013年度年报，公示率48.90%。公示即时信息的企业79.25万户，企业共公示即时信息180.04万条。系统累计访问量12.56亿人次，系统累计查询量6.09亿人次。各地工商部门依据《工商行政管理行政处罚信息公示暂行规定》，还将行政处罚信息通过该系统予以了公示。

　　二是信用约束情况。为强化信用约束作用，工商部门不断探索建立失信联合惩戒机制，使失信企业 “一处违法，处处受限”。

　　试点地区的失信联合惩戒机制初见成效。工商部门对未按条例规定公示信息或者公示信息弄虚作假的企业，建立了经营异常名录。截至2014年底，深圳、厦门和上海自贸区三个试点地区分别载入经营异常名录企业3.8万户、1.7万户、1467户，并统一向社会予以公示。这三个地方在相关资质审核、政府招投标、金融业务中将经营异常名录信息作为重要考量因素。如食药监部门在食品准入以及其他审批业务时对此类企业进行限制，不得享受扶持、鼓励企业发展的相关政策优惠；财政部门审核运用财政资金进行的招投标项目时，也将其排除在外；金融机构不受理其银行开户、贷款等业务。此外，总局还在浙江省金华市开展了整合市场监管业务数据，推进跨部门联合信用监管试点工作。

　　推动部门间企业信用信息共享和失信联合惩戒工作。总局与最高人民法院联合发布了《关于加强信息合作规范执行与协助执行的通知》，与国家发改委、税务总局等20家单位签署了《关于对重大税收违法案件当事人实施联合惩戒措施的合作备忘录》，向其提供企业经营异常名录等登记监管数据，并将法院提供的冻结、强制转让股权等信息予以公示，对这些部门提供的“老赖”、欠税企业等相关当事人在市场准入方面予以限制。目前，我们和最高人民法院建立了信息交换机制，对其提供的约120万人“老赖”名单，我们正在做相关技术准备，将依法进行任职限制，被限制的人无法登记为企业法定代表人，使失信企业在各部门间“一处违法，处处受限”。下一步总局还将与多部门签署《企业失信行为联合惩戒和联动执法合作备忘录》，依法对失信企业进行联合惩戒和协同监管。

　　三是信息抽查情况。企业公示信息抽查是对企业公示年报和即时信息情况的必要检验，是保障公示信息及时性、真实性、准确性的重要手段。2014年，《企业信息公示暂行条例》颁布实施以来，工商部门在大力推进企业信息公示工作的同时，开始着手探索企业公示信息抽查工作，为发现问题积累经验，在部分地区进行了试点。

　　改革试点地区先行开展了企业年报公示信息和即时公示信息抽查工作。深圳于2014年9月份开展了股东出资信息的专项抽查工作，委托审计机构对股东出资情况进行了审计。厦门于2014年12月组织了年报信息抽查工作，对已公示2013年度年报的19万多家企业进行了名单随机抽取，共抽取1994家企业。上海自贸区对133户企业进行了定向抽查，对182户企业进行了不定向抽查。

　　组织开展了第一次全国范围内企业即时信息公示情况的抽查工作。总局下发了《关于开展企业即时信息公示情况抽查的通知》，要求各地于近期对企业公示即时信息进行一次抽查。各地按照不少于1%的比例随机抽取了检查名单。目前，该项工作已进入扫尾阶段。

　　开展了对工商部门公示企业信息情况的检查。总局下发了《关于开展对工商部门公示企业信息情况进行检查的通知》，由总局组成10个检查组，通过比对企业信用信息公示系统与登记管理业务系统、执法办案系统及纸质档案，对全国除西藏外的30个省（区、市）工商、市场监管部门公示企业信息的情况进行了集中检查。从检查结果来看，工商部门行政处罚信息公示情况较好，公示率100%的有23个地区，准确率100%的有16个地区。

　　开展了企业年报公示信息抽查试点工作。总局下发了《关于开展企业年报公示信息抽查试点工作的通知》，在辽宁、上海、江苏、新疆四个省（区、市）先期开展企业年报公示信息抽查工作试点，为在全国全面开展年报公示信息抽查探索经验。目前，四地正按照总局要求开始部署开展年报公示抽查工作。

　　（三）搭建平台,扶持小微企业健康发展

　　为促进小微企业健康发展，按照国务院要求，工商总局牵头起草了《国务院关于扶持小型微型企业健康发展的意见》（国发〔2014〕52号），从资金支持、财税政策、信息互联等方面加大了对小微企业的扶持力度。为抓好文件精神落实工作，一是及时组织宣传解读。二是抓紧落实任务分工。工商总局起草了《小微企业名录建设工作方案》，并向财政部、工业和信息化部等15个部门进行系统建设的需求调研，我们正按照整体设计、分步推进的方式，建立小微企业名录，争取2015年6月底实现政策集中公示，年底系统投入运行。三是配合国家统计局跟踪新设小微企业的成长情况，委托第三方对新设小微企业成长情况进行评估。

　　一年来，商事制度改革切实发挥了先手棋、突破口的作用，在服务改革发展大局中成效显著。改革进一步放松了准入条件的管制，创业成本大幅度降低，有效激发了市场活力和发展动力，形成了大众创业、万众创新的势头，并带动了就业，尤其是促进了小微企业特别是创新型企业的快速发展。自2014年3月1日改革实施到2015年1月底，全国新登记注册市场主体1262.29万户，同比增长16.60%。其中，企业358.33万户，增长47.61%。平均每天新登记注册企业1.06万户。个体工商户876.02万户，增长7.91%。农民专业合作社27.94万户，下降0.42%。根据国家统计局社情民意调查中心发布的《党中央国务院经济社会发展领域重大决策部署贯彻落实情况民意调查报告》显示，对工商登记制度改革政策“满意”和“基本满意”的为97.3%。

　　二、商事制度改革推进工作中的主要问题和困难

　　在商事制度改革推进过程中，还存在一些问题和困难：

　　一是全社会对公司注册资本的认识观念还有待进一步转变。改革以前，我国“资本信用”的观念深入人心，无论是作为政府管理手段的许可、资质颁发，还是作为经营行为的招投标，注册资本都是必不可少的条件，仿佛注册资本的大小就能证明一个公司实力的高低。实际上，只要股东缴足出资，公司从来都是以全部资产对外承担责任的，注册资本的高低与公司资产的大小没有必然联系。改革以后，政府不再为公司注册资本的缴付情况提供信用背书，极大地促进了我国“资本信用”的观念向“资产信用”转变。但就整体而言，社会对于注册资本的认识转变仍然需要一个过程，还需要做大量的宣传引导工作。

　　二是统筹协同落实注册资本登记制度改革尚需进一步推进。商事制度改革不是工商行政管理一个部门的工作，而是国务院部署的全局性改革。工商总局坚决落实改革要求和法律法规规定，在全系统各级登记窗口实行注册资本认缴制，放宽注册资本登记条件，登记时不再要求提交验资报告。但在改革推进过程中，相关配套制度改革滞后，一些行业准入管理不衔接、不同步等问题逐步凸显出来，如有的行业准入中仍然要求企业实缴验资，有的行业设定了注册资本最低限额门槛，以注册资本数额作为特定行业准入的基本条件，有的行业准入依然将通过工商企业年检作为前提等。为此，按照国务院的部署，工商总局梳理了100多部应当相应修改完善的部门规章，并协调启动修改工作。

　　三是落实“先照后证”改革有待进一步加强。国务院已分三批审定152项目录清单，同时确定保留34项工商登记前置审批事项。目前已按照程序公布113项。对于国务院公布的前置审批改为后置审批项目，现已落实到所有工商登记窗口。“先照后证”改革涉及众多行业领域，下一步的重点工作是根据改革要求，修改完善相关行业领域准入的规章文件规定，调整审批流程，提出加强事中事后监管的措施意见并抓好行业监管责任的落实，避免监管“真空”，维护市场秩序。

　　三、下一步工作重点

　　一是推进登记注册制度便利化。放松登记管制，开展企业名称登记管理改革试点，试行由企业自主选择使用企业名称并承担相应责任；优化企业经营范围登记方式，支持企业自主决定经营事项；简化企业注销流程，开展个体工商户、未开业企业、无债权债务企业简易注销登记试点，构建便捷有序的市场退出机制。

　　二是推进市场准入管理模式创新。进一步推进“先照后证”改革，严格按照国务院公布保留的工商登记前置审批项目目录做好登记注册工作，目录外的一律不作为工商登记前置审批；积极探索市场准入负面清单管理模式，坚持市场主体“法不禁止即可为”，保障市场主体经营自主权；加强对上海自贸区等试行外商投资准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式的评估研判，推动形成各类市场主体平等进入市场的机制。

　　三是推进政府公共服务效能最大化。加快推进工商注册全程电子化，努力实现以电子营业执照为支撑的网上申请、网上受理、网上审核、网上发照和网上公示，真正体现工商注册制度便利化的改革成果。继续推进“三证合一”登记制度改革，全面推广“一照三号”登记模式，组织实施并扩大“一照一号”登记试点。

　　四是加强对企业事中事后监管。进一步做好抽查工作，加强对工商系统登记备案、行政处罚信息公示工作的监督检查，加强对企业年报和即时信息公示情况抽查工作的规范指导。推动部门间信息互联共享，加快建立联合惩戒机制，制定对失信企业实施跨部门联合惩戒和协同监管的措施。强化信用约束作用，推动落实将企业信用信息作为重要考量因素，实现“一处违法，处处受限”。

　　五是依托企业信用信息公示系统，抓紧建设小微企业名录，实现集中公开扶持政策、推送企业扶持申请、公示享受扶持信息等功能，以此为基础建立起支持小微企业的信息互联互通机制，切实提高扶持政策及其实施的知晓度、精准性和透明度，促进各项扶持政策有效落实。

Background Material of Business System Reform

(Feb 27, 2015)

State Administration for Industry &

Commerce of the People's Republic of China (SAIC)

　　I. Progress of the Reform of the Business System

　　Promoting reform of the business system is an important decision made by CPC central and the State Council, and is also a crucial measure intended to streamline administrative approval procedures, transform government functions, and unleash market potential. During the past year, SAIC put the reform at the core of its work, prioritized both deregulation of threshold and regulation of business behavior, and mobilized all AICs to promote the reform implementation.

　　i. Relaxing Regulations over Market Access, Improving Enterprise Growth Performance

　　SAIC loosens regulations over market access by implementing the commitment-to-pay registered capital system at all levels throughout the entire system, canceling the requirements including the minimum registered capital amount limit, and initial paid-in capital as well as subscription time limitation. Besides, the applicant does not need to submit capital verification reports either. Change the enterprise annual inspection system to a public annual report. And enterprise credit information publicity system is in place in which any enterprise and individual can enquire about the annual report information free of charge. Implement comprehensive electronic registration and management of e-business licenses in 9 provinces and municipalities to make business registration more convenient. As it currently stands, there are 20 provinces (regions, municipalities) where the government has developed and rendered effective relevant regulations, and 8 provinces that have empowered prefecture-level cities to formulate relevant regulations.

　　To make the reform go well, we have amended, annulled a series of laws, regulations. SAIC and other related ministries have promulgated, amended and perfected supporting rules, to ensure the reform is done in rule-of-law way.

　　Meanwhile, SAIC and the State Commission Office for Public Sector Reform (SCOPSR) have been collaborating with relevant ministries to progressively transform the system of ‘Approval Certificate before Business License’ to ‘Approval Certificate after Business License’. The executive meeting of the State Council passed 3 batches with 152 prior approval items turned to after approval items. For 113 items which has been publicized by the State Council, SAIC immediately issued an edict, requiring the whole AIC offices nationwide to strict implement the above-mentioned rule and do business registration thereof. Now it has been executed at all registration windows.

　　In accordance with ‘State Council’s Opinions on Promoting Market Fair Competition and Maintain Good Market Order’ SAIC is now promoting reform of ‘three certificate/license to 1’ i.e. merging business license, Certificate of Organization Code, Tax registration certificate to one license/certificate. To date, 24 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government have implemented the said reform measure across the province (regions, cities) or partly thereof.

　　ii. Development of a New Market Supervision Model, focusing more on middle-term and post regulation

　　Since business system reform, AICs actively explore to construct a new market supervision model with online enterprise credit information publicity system as infrastructure, information publicity as regulation basis, credit regulation as core idea, and random inspection as well as focused inspection as main measures. In accordance with the requirement of ‘easy access but stringent regulation’ requirements, we are changing our regulation idea and also our regulation method from traditional one. We strengthen the enterprises’ self-restriction responsibility through initiatively publicizing their own information. And we guide the general public including the market players, intermediary organizations to fully utilize publicized enterprise information to assess enterprises’ credit status accordingly, so that the multi-stakeholder regulation approach will be formed. AICs conscientiously follow the regulation of ‘Interim Regulation on Enterprise Information Publicity’, and conduct inspection on those information publicized by enterprises themselves, urging them to provide truthful business information in a timely manner. And meanwhile, we also promote collaboration with other ministries in information-sharing and joint penalty against those discredited operators.

　　First, update of the information publicity of enterprises. Till now, enterprise information publicity system established by local AICs runs well. Any organization or individual can have access to the system for enterprises’ registration information and annual reporting information. The general public pays high attention to the system and the visitors of the website is continuously increasing. Since Oct 1 of 2014 when the Regulation official takes effect, till Feb 15 of 2015, in accordance with the statistics reported by 31 provinces and autonomous regions, 14.7067 million enterprises should report and publicize the information and 7.1917 million has done so i.e. 48.9% has fulfilled their responsibilities. 792,500 enterprises have publicized 1.8004 million instant information. The visiting number of the system is 1.256 billion and the inquiry number is 609 million. Local AICs follow AICs’ Interim Regulation on Administrative Penalty on Information Publicity-related Bad Behavior and will also make the penalty information public through the system.

　　Second, the credit restriction situation. To better play credit restriction role, AICs explores to establish joint penalty system against discredited business operators, so that the those enterprises ‘lose credits in one place will be restricted in every places’.

　　The joint penalty system against discredited enterprises in pilot areas have achieved initial results. AICs have established abnormal operating enterprises list, which includes those who fail to disclose information according to law or those who provide fraudulent information. Till the end of 2014, Shenzhen, Xiamen, and Shanghai Free Trade Zone, as 3 pilot areas, have incorporated 38,000 enterprises, 17,000 and 1467 enterprises in the said abnormal list respectively, and have been made public. In these 3 places, the abnormal list has been regarded as an important consideration in the examination and verification of enterprise qualification, government bidding, financial transactions, and so on. For example, Food and Drug Administration, while examining food market access or other approval things applied by the abnormal-listed enterprises, will place restrictions. And the abnormal-listed enterprises can not be fed with any preferential policies or other supporting policies. Meanwhile, Financial Authorities, while organizing government bidding, will exclude the abnormal-listed enterprises as potential bidders. Besides, banks and other financial institutions will not provide service to the abnormal-listed enterprises like opening bank account or releasing loans. SAIC has also conducted pilot projects in Jinhua of Zhejiang province i.e. merging market regulation data and promote inter-departmental joint credit regulation.

　　Promote credit information-sharing across departments and joint disciplinary measures regarding penalties. SAIC and the Supreme People's Court jointly promulgated Notice of Strengthening Information Cooperation Enforcement And Assistance Enforcement. Besides, we signed with 20 instrumentalities including the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the State Administration of Taxation (SAT) a Memorandum of Cooperation in Execution of Joint Disciplinary Measures against Serious Offenders of Taxation Law. According to the documents, registration and supervision data, including the list, will be provided to the instrumentalities and information from courts of law concerning freezing and involuntary transfer of equity will be publicized. Market access of enterprises failing to pay full tax and of other debtors nominated by these departments will be restricted. Till now, we have established information-sharing mechanism with Supreme Court, which has provided us with 1.2 million ‘long-term debtors’ namelist. We are making technical preparation to unable them to act as legal person of enterprises, so that ‘lose credits in one place will be restricted in every places’ will be realized. Next we will sign with other ministries a Memorandum of ‘Joint Penalty and Concerted Enforcement against Discredited Behavior’ and conduct Joint Penalty and Concerted Enforcement against Discredited Behavior.

　　Third, the random inspection of publicized information. Random inspection of publicized enterprise information is to inspect the information reported by the enterprises themselves and those instant information. It is an important measure to make sure that those information is truthful, accurate and is made timely. Since the promulgation of Interim Regulation of Enterprise Information Publicity, AICs is on one hand promoting information publicity, and on the other hand explore the random inspection. We have conducted pilot projects in some areas to summarized experience.

　　The pilot areas takes the first steps to conduct random inspection of publicized information and instant information inspection. Shenzhen has done inspection in Sep of 2014 and entrusted auditing organization to do auditing on stakeholders’ capital investment. Xiamen organized random inspection in Dec of 2014. Xiamen AIC has chosen 1994 enterprises randomly for inspection, among 190,000 enterprises which have already reported information. Shanghai Free Trade Zone has done targeted inspection on 133 enterprises, and untargeted inspection on 182 enterprises.

　　Organize the first nationwide random inspection of instant information. SAIC has issued Notice on Random Inspection on Instant Information of Enterprise, requiring local AIC to do random inspection. Local AICs have already chosen no less than 1% enterprises for inspection. Till now, the inspection is coming to an end.

　　Organize inspection on publicized enterprise information. SAIC issued Notice on Random Inspection on Publicized Information of Enterprise. SAIC has organized 10 teams to 30 provinces except Tibet for inspection, by comparing publicized online information with paper documented information. Till now, the result is rather good. 23 areas have 100% publicity rate and 16 areas have 100% accuracy rate.

　　Conduct annual reported publicized information random inspection pilot project. SAIC issued Notice on Random Inspection on Annual-reporting Information of Enterprise. Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Xinjiang are placed as pilot areas, to explore experience for nationwide action. Now the 4 areas are doing the work in accordance with SAIC’s requirement.

　　iii. Construct Platform and Support Robust Development of Small- and Micro- Enterprises

　　To facilitate the robust development of small and micro enterprises, SAIC coordinated the drafting of Opinions of the State Council on Supporting the Sound Development of Micro and Small Enterprises (Guofa <2014> No. 52) in compliance with the State Council’s requirements to strengthen the support for enterprises of the kind in finance, taxation policy, and information connection. To ensure the implementation of the opinions: First, the Opinions are disseminated to the pubic and interpreted in a timely manner. Second, tasks are divided and delegated to the relevant ministries. SAIC drew up its Scheme on the Creation of Directory of Small and Micro Enterprises, and undertook research among 15 ministries, including the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Industry and Information, into demand for system construction. To produce a list of small and micro enterprises, we are making over design first and then promote the work step by step. Collective disclosure of policies will be released no later than the end of June 2015, and the whole system will be launched by the end of 2015. Third, we support National Bureau of Statistics for tracking the growth of small and micro enterprises, and a third party has been hired to evaluate the growth of newly-established small and micro businesses.

　　Over the past year, the reform of the business system acts as the first strike and also a breaking one in the comprehensive reform, and has delivered remarkable results in serving reform and development as a whole. The reform further loosened market access, substantially reduced start-up costs and effectively stimulated market vitality and motivation. Thus a sound situation for entrepreneurship and innovation was created, employment improved, and in particular the rapid development of especially innovative small and micro enterprises was facilitated. Since March 1 of 2014 to the end of Jan of 2015, the newly-registered enterprises market players number is 12.6229 million, with an increase of 16.6% comparing to the number last year, among which 3.5833 million is enterprises and the increase rate thereof is 47.61%. Average newly-registered enterprise number per day is 10,600. The individual business is 8.76 million with an increase rate of 7.91%. The farmers’ cooperative is 279,400 with an decrease rate of 0.42%.

　　II. Major Problems and Difficulties in the Advancement of the Reform of the Business system

　　There are a number of problems and difficulties in the advancement of the reform of the business system.

　　First, society’s understanding of registered capital of a company is not at a high level. Prior to the reform, the concept of capital credit was deeply rooted in people’s minds. Registered capital is considered as indispensable in government management such as the issuing of permits and certifications, and also in business bidding. The somewhat erroneous belief was that the amount of registered capital was an indicator of the capability of a company. But in fact, as long as shareholders pay the full contribution, the company is always liable to the full extent of its assets. There is not necessarily any correlation between the amount of a company’s registered capital and its assets. After the reform, the government will no longer provide endorsement of credit for the payment of a company’s registered capital, so ably facilitated in the transition from ‘capital credit’ to ‘assets credit’. But on the whole, the public’s understanding of the concept of registered capital takes time, and much advocacy work needs to be done.

　　Second, synergic implementation of reform of the registered capital registration system is yet to be further promoted. Reform of the business system is not a task just done by one office like AIC, but rather systematic work requiring an overall layout deployed by the State Council. SAIC resolutely follows the reform requirements and legal regulations by implementing the registered subscribed capital registration system at registration windows at all levels throughout the entire system, canceling the minimum amount limit of registered capital, and dispensing with the submission of capital verification reports. However, in the advancement of the reform process, problems gradually emerged, such as supporting systems lagging behind and lack of interfacing and synchronization in the management undertakings of relevant departments. For example, some departments still require paid-up capital and capital verification; some industries have threshold registered capital requirement, designating an amount of registered capital as the basis for an administrative permit; and some departments nominate annual inspections of industrial and commercial enterprises as a prerequisite for relevant administrative work. Therefore, in accordance with the deployment of the State Council, SAIC combed out more than 100 ministry-level regulations and is now coordinating 33 ministries to revise the said regulations.

　　Third, the implementation of ‘license first, certificate second’ reform is yet to be strengthened. The State Council has examined and approved three batches of 152 directory lists, and retained 34 items of prior examination and approval in industrial and commercial registration. Thus far, 113 items have been promulgated according to procedures. The method of pre-examination and approval has effectively morphed into post-examination and approval, as announced by the State Council, and this change has been executed at all industrial and commercial registration windows. The reform of the license first, certificate second process involves many government ministries. The key work in the next step should be that those ministries revise relevant regulations, adjust their examination and approval procedures, implement measures and opinions on strengthening supervision during the process and thereafter, and provide guidance for the implementation in their respective organizations so as to avoid supervision vacuums and to maintain market order.

　　III. Key Tasks in the Next Step

　　First, improve the convenience of the registration system. The measures will include relaxing registration by establishing pilot regions for the reform of enterprise name registration management and allowing enterprises to decide what name they will use, and ensuring they understand that they must shoulder any corresponding liabilities; optimizing the registration method of the business scope of the enterprise to allow enterprises to decide what they want to run; simplifying enterprise deregistration procedures by designating pilot regions for individually-owned businesses, businesses yet to commence operations, and businesses without creditor's rights and liabilities so as to create a convenient and orderly market exit mechanism.

　　Second, promote innovation in the market access management model. The reform of the license first, certificate second process needs to be further promoted; registrations should be undertaken strictly in compliance with the provisions contained in the directory of pre-examination and approval in industrial and commercial registrations announced by the State Council. Those not covered by the said directory should not be placed as pre-examination and approval item; actively explore a market access management model in the form of a negative list, the notion of absence of legal prohibition means permission for market entities must be adhered to, autonomy in the management of market entities must be safeguarded; research into and evaluation of regions piloting the pre-establishment national treatment and negative list management model, such as the Shanghai Free Trade Zone, should be strengthened in a bid to promote the shaping of egalitarian market access for all market entities.

　　Third, the efficiency of government public service is to be maximized. The whole process E-business registrations should be accelerated. Based on the E-license, online applications, online acceptances, online examinations & verifications, online issuing of permits and online publicity shall be realized to truly reflect the achievements in terms of convenience of the reform in industrial and commercial registration. The registration reform involving the merging of three certificates into one should be further promoted, the one permit/three numbers registration model needs to be rolled out, and the pilot regions for the one permit/one number registration model should be implemented and broadened.

　　Fourth, strengthen middle-term and post regulation. Better conduct random inspection work, and do a better job in filing of registration information, the inspection of penalty information. Meanwhile strengthen guidance and regulation on enterprises’ annual reporting information and instant information. Promote information sharing among ministries and speed up the construction of joint penalty mechanism, as well as establish measures of inter-departmental penalty and concerted regulation. Strengthen credit restriction and promote credit information to be considered as an important matter by other ministries, so that ‘lose credit in one place will be restricted in every place’ will be realized.

　　Fifth, The National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System will be used as a reference to create the directory of small and micro businesses as soon as possible to enable the collective promulgation of support policies, the advancement of support applications from enterprises, the publication of information about support recipients, and so on; based on that, a mechanism for sharing the information of small and micro businesses should be devised to effectively enhance the awareness, accuracy and transparency of support policies and their implementation, and to facilitate the effective implementation of all these policies.