国务院新闻办办公室新闻发布会材料

全面深化农垦改革  率先基本实现农业现代化

（2015年12月7日）

中华人民共和国农业部

我国农垦事业是在特定历史条件下为承担国家使命而建立的。经过六十多年的艰苦创业，已在全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）建成了1780个国有农场、5400多家国有及国有控股企业，拥有37.1万平方公里土地、9316万亩耕地、1413万人口、319万职工、10392亿元国有资产（不含土地等资源性资产），成为农工商综合经营、一二三产业全面发展、科教文卫等设施较为完善的经济社会系统。

六十多年来，农垦为保障国家粮食安全、支援国家建设、维护边疆稳定做出了重大贡献。作为国有农业经济的骨干和代表，在新的形势下，农垦具备了为国家承担更加重要历史使命的基础和条件。但它也还存在管理体制未完全理顺、经营机制不活、社会负担重、政策支持体系不健全、部分国有农场生产经营困难等问题，迫切需要进一步深化改革，促进农垦事业持续健康发展。

《中共中央 国务院关于推进农垦改革发展意见》是在新的历史条件下进一步明确农垦战略地位、改革方向和发展措施的纲领性文件，充分体现了党中央、国务院对新时期农垦改革发展的高度重视，充分表明了新形势下全面深化农垦改革对推进我国农业现代化建设和经济社会发展的重大意义。

根据中央决策部署，农垦将坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，积极探索建立健全符合社会主义基本经济制度和市场经济要求的国有资产管理体制、现代企业制度、市场化经营机制，走在现代农业生产体系、现代农业经营体系和现代农业产业体系建设的前列，率先基本实现农业现代化。

——组织化程度高。农垦土地属于国有资产，不同于农村集体所有制土地。国有农场作为双层经营体制的资产经营主体，通过对国有土地等资源性资产的发包，可以确保农业生产经营活动的各项措施落实到位。国有农场通过市场和行政相结合的机制，实现了生产经营活动的统分有机结合。规模化特征突出。在土地使用权配置方式上，国有农场既讲公平又讲效率，采取市场机制推进土地向种田能手相对集中，着力提高土地规模化经营水平。据测算，全国农垦种植业从业人员人均经营耕地约2公顷，远高于农村的平均水平。同时，国有农场普遍实行统一种植规划、统一供种、统一采购农资、统一技术服务、统一机械作业的生产经营方式，构建覆盖农业生产全过程的组织化服务。

——农业产业体系健全。随着现代农业的不断发展，农垦培育出以粮食、棉花、天然橡胶、糖业、奶业、种业等为主的一批优势产业，其经营规模、质量效益、管理水平、市场竞争力和行业影响力都处于全国前列，在若干重点产业领域基本形成大基地、大企业、大产业的发展格局。2014年，农垦共为国家生产粮食3538万吨，棉花211万吨，天然橡胶31万吨。特别是农垦大型农业企业集团在竞争中快速崛起，已有3家垦区集团年营业总收入超过1000亿元。同时，农垦农业国际合作走在全国前列，许多垦区正在构建内外相连、产销衔接、优势互补的一体化产业格局。

——农业科技创新水平较高。2014年，农垦耕种收综合机械化率、农田有效灌溉率、病虫害统防统治比率达到87%、63%和75%，分别高于全国平均水平28、12和30个百分点。农产品质量安全生产和管控能力强，农垦全程可追溯企业达293个，589个企业实现了生产过程有记录，种植业产品可追溯规模达到605万亩，可追溯农产品产量达到231万吨。示范带动作用明显，年辐射带动农村集体土地面积约1.4亿亩，为周边农村培训各类人员200万人次以上，供应粮食作物种子约占全国的28.5%，其中苏、皖、豫等省占40%以上。

近年来，农垦以谷物、天然橡胶、奶业等农业战略产业为重点，以科技创新、种子产业、仓储运销业等三大关键环节为平台，通过资源聚集与资本运作相结合等方式，加快实施联合联盟联营战略，培育具有较强竞争力的、现代化的大型农业企业集团已取得阶段性重大进展。2014年8月，以黑龙江垦丰、江苏大华、安徽皖垦等12个垦区种子企业为主体组建的中国农垦种业联盟成立；9月2日，由海南农垦、云南农垦、广东农垦、中国热科院橡胶所组建的中国农垦天然橡胶产业联盟成立；2015年11月18日，由光明、三元、完达山、天友等12家垦区组建的中国农垦乳业联盟成立；中垦乳业股份有限公司、中垦天然橡胶科技公司和种苗公司已进入实质运营；中国农垦电商和节水联盟、中垦农产品流通公司、冷链物流公司正在抓紧筹建中。与此同时，在今年举办的中国国际农产品交易会期间正式向社会推出中国农垦品牌标识，旨在构建多层次的母子品牌关系，着力打造“中国现代农业的开创者和引领者、优质安全农产品生产者和供应者、从田间到舌尖美好生活缔造者”的国家农业品牌名片。在经济下行的压力下，农垦经济继续保持良好发展态势。预计2015年实现生产总值7010亿元，比上年增加590亿元，增长8%；预计年人均纯收入14600元，增长7%。

随着我国经济进入新常态、改革进入深水区、社会发展进入新阶段，农业农村经济发展的内外部环境正在发生深刻变化，依靠改革创新推进新型农业现代化、保障国家粮食安全和重要农产品有效供给的要求更为迫切。作为农业领域的国家队，农垦具有独特优势，特别是土地资源丰富、生产潜力巨大，农产品商品率高、一二三产业融合发展，通过深化改革可以进一步提高农垦企业的发展活力、内生动力和市场竞争力，更好地发挥农垦组织化程度、经营管理水平和职工科技文化素质高的优势，打造一批具有国际竞争力的大型现代农业企业集团，更好地示范带动周边现代农业和农民致富增收，更好地带动周边农村新型城镇化和农民的就业创业，为我国实现四化同步发展发挥重要的示范带动作用，也完全有条件成为市场经济条件下国家在关键时刻靠得住、顶得上和应得急的重要力量。

回顾“十二五”、展望“十三五”，农垦面临着前所未有的发展机遇。全国农垦广大干部职工将继续发扬“艰苦奋斗、勇于开拓”的农垦精神，全面贯彻落实党的十八届五中全会精神，按照中央关于进一步推进农垦改革发展的决策部署，不断深化体制机制改革，切实转变农业发展方式，着力培育打造一大批具有国际竞争力的大型农业现代企业集团，率先基本实现农业现代化，为我国全面实现农业现代化做出新的更大的贡献。

Deepen Reforms on the State Farms System in an All-round Way, Take Lead in Realizing Agricultural Modernization in the Main

(December 7, 2015)

Ministry of Agriculture

The State Farms System (SFS) was founded to fulfill national missions under special historical circumstances. With more than 60 years of painstaking efforts, the State Farms System has established 1780 state farms and over 5400 state-owned or state-controlled enterprises, and acquired access to 371,000 m² of land including 93.16 million hectare of cultivated land in 31 provinces (/autonomous regions/municipalities). Its total assets have reached 1039.2 billion Yuan, excluding land and other resource assets. Currently, 14.13million people work or live in the State Farm System, of which 3.19 are its employees. As a social economic system, the SFS now engages in integrated operation in agriculture, industry and commerce, strives for balanced development of the first, second and tertiary industries, and has equipped its self with sound research, education, cultural and health facilities.  

Over the past six decades, the SFS has made remarkable contribution to the country in safeguarding food security, supporting national development and preserving stability in border areas. As the backbone among state-owned agri-businesses, the SFS has the necessary foundation and capacity to carry out more important historical missions for the nation under the new circumstances. Nevertheless, it still suffers from a number of problems, such as distorted management system, lack of vitality in operation systems, heavy social burden, inadequate policy support system, difficulties in the business operation of some state-owned farms. There is an urgent need for us to carry out further reforms on the State Farms System so as to promote the steady and healthy development of the SFS. 

The Opinions on Promoting the Reform and Development of the State Farms System, a framework document released by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, has further clarified the strategic role, direction of reform, and development measures of the State Farms System. It clearly shows that the CPC Central Committee and the State Council has given high priority to the reform and development of the SFS and to deepen reforms on the SFS in an all-round way has a significant bearing on China’s agricultural modernization and social economic development.

Based on the decisions and instructions of the Central Government, the SFS will be committed to building the socialist market economy, and actively explore ways to establish sound management system for state-owned assets, modern corporate system, and market-based operation system that conform to the requirements of the basic socialist economic system and the market economy. The SFS wishes to be at the forefront of the development of modern agricultural production systems, modern agricultural operation systems and modern agricultural industry systems, and is determined to take the lead in realizing agricultural modernization in the main.

Highly organized. State farms’ land is state-owned assets, instead of village-owned. As the authorized manager of these assets in a two-tier operation system, state farms can ensure the effective implementation of measures concerning agricultural production and operation activities on state-owned land and other resource assets they let. As a market player with administrative functions, state farms are an organic combination of united and separate production activities with prominent economies of scale. Take the allocation of land use rights as an example, committed to both fairness and efficiency, state farms promote appropriate land consolidation by skilled farmers through market mechanisms in order to increase scales of land operations. Calculation shows that on state farms every crop worker farms around 2 hectares in average, way above the average in villages. At the same time, it is common practice for state farms to provide centralized services that covers the whole process of agricultural production, from planting planning, seed supply and input purchase to technical service and machine use.

Well-developed agricultural industries. In the process of agricultural modernization, the SFS developed remarkable strengths in a number of industries, most importantly grain, cotton, natural rubber, sugar, dairy and seeds, in which the SFS is the national leader in scale, quality, profitability, management competence, competitiveness and influence in the industry. In several key industries, huge bases, businesses and industry chains have been formed. In 2014, the SFS produced 35.38 million tons of grains, 2.11 million tons of cotton and 0.31 million tons of natural rubber. In particular, large SFS agri-business groups have been emerging rapidly in competition, with 3 of them exceeding 100 billion RMB in revenue. Meanwhile, the SFS is also a national leader in international cooperation on agriculture, with many state farms connecting their domestic operations with overseas ones to link production and marketing businesses and to leverage advantages of different countries.

High level of innovation in agricultural science and technology. In 2014, application of comprehensive mechanized farming, effective farmland irrigation and integrated pest and disease management in the SFS reached 87%, 63% and 75% respectively, which were 28, 12 and 30 percentage points higher than the national average. The SFS has stronger production capacity and better control of product quality and safety. In the System, there are 293 companies equipped with whole-chain traceability systems and 589 with records of production process. In the crop farming sector, traceability systems are implemented on 403,000 hectares of land, covering 2.31 million tons of farm produce. The SFS has also effectively mobilized the development of neighboring areas. Each year, the system benefits 9.3 million hectares of rural land owned collectively by villages and provides training for more than 2 million rural personnel. It supplies 28.5% of grain seeds nationwide, and over 40% in Jiangsu, Anhui and Henan provinces.

In recent years, the SFS has focused on strategic sectors such as cereals, natural rubber and dairy production. With the key support of innovation, the seed industry, and the storage, transportation and distribution systems, it has aggregated resources and been engaged in capital operation, so as to accelerate the implementation of the “joint venture, joint alliance and joint operation” strategy. Important progress has been made in developing major modern agricultural companies or groups with strong competitive edge. In August, 2014, China’s SFS seed alliance was established by 12 SFS seed companies including Heilongjiang Kenfeng Seed Co. Ltd., Jiangsu Dahua Seed Enterprise Co. Ltd., and Anhui Wanken Seed Co. Ltd.; on September 2, 2014, China’s SFS natural rubber industrial alliance was established by Hainan State Farms, Yunnan State Farms, Guangdong State Farms and the Rubber Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; on November 18, 2015, China’s SFS diary alliance was established by 12 SFS companies including Bright Dairy, Sanyuan Dairy, Wondersun and Tianyou Dairy; China Nongken (The State Farms) Dairy Industry Co. Ltd., China Nongken Natural Rubber Science and Technology Corporation, as well as China Nongken Seedling Corporation have begun business operation; and, preparation for China Nongken e-commerce and water saving alliances, China Nongken Farm Produce Distribution Corporation and a cold-chain logistics company has sped up. Meanwhile, the logo of China Nongken was officially released during this year’s China Agricultural Trade Fair, so as to build a multi-layer system of brands and sub-brands, and forge an image of China’s SFS as “the creator and leader of China’s modern agriculture, the producer and supplier of quality and safe farm produce, and the builder of a happy life from farm to table”. Despite a downward pressure on the economy, the SFS sector has maintained positive growth. It is expected to create a production value of 701 billion RMB in 2015, 59 billion RMB more than 2014 or up by 8%. Per capita revenue in the SFS is expected to reach 14,600 RMB, up by 7%.

As China’s economy moves into the stage of new normal, reforms into the uncharted area and society into a new development stage, the internal and external environment for agriculture and rural economic development is undergoing deep changes. It is now ever more urgent to boost a new type of agricultural modernization, ensure food security and maintain effective supply of majoragri-products by pursuing reforms and innovation.

The SFS is the elite national team in the field of agriculture. The system enjoys unique advantages, including abundant land resources and huge production potential. Besides, there is a high level of commercialization of its farm produce and integrated value chain operation. Deepened reforms would invigorate enterprises under the System and beef up motivation and competitiveness. Reforms could also make better use of the System’s advantages in the organization mode, operational and managerial capabilities and the technical know-how and educational background of its staff. These efforts may contribute to cultivating large modern agri-business groups that have competitive edge in the international market. These large-scale entities could guide and lead other related modern agriculture industries, help with wealth creation and income increment for farmers, drive forward the new type of urbanization in their rural communities, and provide more job opportunities and start-up businesses for farmers. They will constitute as a model for promoting synchronized progress among industrialization, IT application, urbanization and agricultural modernization. They are also capable of becoming a trump card, which China may rely on at critical times and play in emergencies in the market economy.

In retrospect of the “Twelfth Five Year Plan” and looking into the “Thirteenth Five Year Plan”, the SFS is faced with unprecedented development opportunities. The staff in this national system will march forward with arduous efforts and pioneer spirit and implement the instructions passed by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th C.P.C Central Committee. In line with the decisions and arrangements by the central government on the further steps to reform and develop the SFS, they will continuously deepen reforms on the system and mechanism, transform agricultural development mode, and focus on cultivating large modern agri-business groups that enjoy international competitiveness, with a view to taking the lead in realizing agriculture modernization in the main and contributing more to the realization of agricultural modernization in an all-round way.