国务院新闻办公室新闻发布会材料
扶贫开发有关情况 国务院扶贫办 （2015年12月15日）
确保到2020年农村贫困人口实现脱贫，是全面建成小康社会最艰巨的任务。党的十八大以来，中国党和政府提出了精准扶贫、精准脱贫的新方略，进一步加大了扶贫开发工作力度。 一、扶贫开发取得的成绩 消除贫困、改善民生、逐步实现共同富裕，是社会主义的本质要求，是中国共产党的历史使命。新中国成立特别是改革开放以来，党和政府带领中国人民持续向贫困宣战。1982年“三西”（甘肃的河西、定西，宁夏的西海固）农业建设，拉开了有计划、有组织、大规模扶贫开发的序幕。此后，又先后实施《八七扶贫攻坚计划（1994-2000年）》、《中国农村扶贫开发纲要（2001-2010年）》、《中国农村扶贫开发纲要（2011-2020年）》。贫困人口大幅减少，贫困群众生活水平显著提高，贫困地区面貌发生根本变化。成功走出一条中国特色扶贫开发道路，成功减少农村贫困人口7亿多人。中国作为一个发展中国家，率先完成联合国千年发展目标，为国际减贫事业做出巨大贡献。这个成就足以载入人类社会发展史册，也足以向世界证明中国共产党领导和中国特色社会主义制度的优越性。联合国开发计划署2015年发布的《联合国千年发展目标报告》明确指出，“中国的减贫为实现联合国千年发展目标做出了贡献，为其他国家提供了学习经验”。 二、十八大以来的最新进展 党的十八大以来，党中央、国务院根据扶贫开发面临的新形势新任务，把扶贫开发工作纳入“四个全面”（全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党）战略布局，实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫，制定了一系列力度大、针对性强的重大举措，各地区、各部门认真贯彻中央决策部署，扶贫开发事业取得新的显著成就。 一是农村贫困人口大幅减少。2012年到2014年，全国农村贫困人口减少5000多万，贫困发生率年均下降1.8个百分点。贫困地区农村居民人均纯收入和人均地区生产总值的增幅，都高于全国平均水平。 二是基础设施明显改善。贫困地区水电路建设全面提速，7852万农村人口的饮水安全问题和354万无电人口的用电问题得到解决，14个集中连片特困地区新建农村公路总里程达到124万公里，综合立体交通运输网络正在形成，越来越多的地区告别了不通高速公路、铁路、航空的历史。 三是基本公共服务保障水平持续提高。贫困地区义务教育办学条件明显改观，营养改善计划每年惠及3200多万学生，中职学生全部免除学费，重点高校面向贫困地区定向招生专项计划逐年扩大。基本医保、大病保险、医疗救助和应急救助相衔接的机制初步建立。农村低保和基本养老保险覆盖全部贫困地区。贫困人口免费就业服务全面实施。 四是扶贫机制创新迈出重大步伐。完成贫困人口建档立卡，为开展精准扶贫奠定了基础。干部驻村帮扶覆盖所有贫困村。以减贫成效为导向的财政资金分配、贫困县政绩考核等机制基本建立。国家设立扶贫日，社会扶贫激励政策日趋完善，各方面参与的大扶贫格局初步形成。这些探索实践，丰富和拓展了中国特色扶贫开发道路的内涵，进一步增强了扶贫工作的针对性和有效性。 三、脱贫攻坚的形势任务 党的十八届五中全会明确要求，今后五年，要确保我国现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫，贫困县全部摘帽，解决区域性整体贫困。这是中央从实现全面建成小康社会全局出发作出的重大部署，明确了全面建成小康社会的底线目标。全面小康是惠及全体人民的小康。如果到2020年，还有几千万人生活在扶贫标准线以下，还有区域性整体贫困现象存在，就没有全面建成小康社会。实现脱贫攻坚的目标，时间紧迫，任务艰巨，潜力巨大。 （一）时间紧迫。从现在开始，到2020年只剩下5年时间。平均每年需要脱贫1000多万人，平均每月需脱贫100多万人。如期兑现党和政府向全国人民作出的庄严承诺，向全世界作出的庄严宣告，开弓没有回头箭。 （二）任务艰巨。从人口规模上看，目前，全国尚有7000万人口没有脱贫，相当于一个中等国家的人口总规模。从区域分布上看，剩下的贫困人口主要集中在相对欠发达的中西部地区，贵州、云南、河南、广西、湖南、四川6省区的贫困人口都在500万以上，14个集中连片特殊困难地区有3518万贫困人口。这些地区基础设施薄弱，公共服务水平低，制约脱贫攻坚工作的开展。其中还有不少人居住在不具备生产生活条件的石漠化等生态脆弱地区，即使花很大代价帮助脱贫，也是暂时脱贫，很快会返贫，必须花巨大代价进行扶贫移民搬迁。从扶贫对象上看，经过多年扶贫开发，条件相对较好的基本都已脱贫，剩下的都是很难脱贫的人口，是难啃的“硬骨头”。其中有不少贫困人口或者丧失劳动能力，或者患重病慢性病，或者文化程度低，脱贫成本高。从国内外经济环境上看，当前，全球经济贸易增长乏力，国内经济下行压力加大，也在一定程度上对脱贫攻坚产生拖累作用。 （三）潜力巨大。脱贫攻坚是带活经济发展全局的重要动力。贫困地区幅员辽阔，14个连片特困地区占国土面积的40%左右，贫困人口数量巨大。加强贫困地区基础设施和公共服务，既能新增有效投资需求，也有助于消化过剩产能、增加就业机会，而且不会造成重复建设。贫困人口消费水平低，但消费边际倾向高，消费层次与我国现有产品档次和产业水平吻合。促进他们增加收入，可以扩大有效消费需求，并为产业结构调整升级赢得时间和空间。贫困地区具有丰富的自然资源、土地资源和劳动力资源，促进贫困地区加快发展，可以形成新的经济增长极。完成脱贫攻坚任务，对经济发展大局可以起到“下好一子、带活全局”的效果。 总之，脱贫攻坚已经到了啃硬骨头、攻坚拔寨的冲刺阶段，采用常规的思路和办法、按部就班难以完成任务，必须以更大的决心、更明确的思路、更精准的举措、超常规的力度，因势利导、众志成城确保“十三五”时期打赢脱贫攻坚战。 四、决战决胜的战略部署 11月27-28日，在党的十八届五中全会召开后不久，中央紧接着召开扶贫开发工作会议，对“十三五”期间的脱贫攻坚工作作出新的全面部署。 习近平总书记在会上的重要讲话，站在党执政基础的政治高度、民族发展的历史高度，深刻分析全面建成小康社会进入决胜阶段脱贫攻坚面临的形势和任务，对“十三五”时期脱贫攻坚工作指明了方向，提出了要求，发出了动员令。从扶贫开发与党执政基础的关系、新中国成立特别是改革开放以来扶贫开发取得成就与历史经验、当前脱贫攻坚面临的严峻形势等几个方面，深刻阐述了打赢脱贫攻坚战的重要性和艰巨性，要求下定更大的决心聚焦两个“确保”，解决好“两不愁”“三保障”问题。从自然资源、体制机制、责任落实、社会合力、贫困地区贫困人口内在能动性、政策针对性有效性等主客观制约因素出发，深刻分析了打赢脱贫攻坚战面临的矛盾和问题，要求直面问题，解决问题，用心、用情、用力开展工作。从如何解决好“扶持谁”、“谁来扶”、“怎么扶”、“如何退”四个方面问题，全面回答了如何坚持精准扶贫、精准脱贫。提出“五个一批”，要求因地制宜，探索多渠道、多元化的精准扶贫新路径。对贫困退出提出了明确具体要求，要设定时间表、实现有序退出，留出缓冲期、一定时间摘帽不摘政策，严格评估、严格验收，逐户销号、脱贫到人。对加强脱贫攻坚的组织领导作出全面安排，要求发挥政治优势、层层落实责任，明显增加扶贫投入、与脱贫攻坚要求相匹配，激发内生动力、调动贫困地区贫困人口积极性，调动各方力量、加快形成全社会参与的大扶贫格局。习近平总书记的讲话，是动员和凝聚全党全社会力量打赢脱贫攻坚战的根本遵循和行动指南。 李克强总理在会上的重要讲话，站在经济社会发展全局的角度，对“十三五”时期脱贫攻坚工作作出了全面部署。从贫困地区不断增长的有效投资需求、资源要素供给、消费需求带来新的增长动能和发展空间，深刻阐述了打赢脱贫攻坚战对基本跨越“中等收入陷阱”的重要意义。从强化基础设施建设、推进生态保护和建设、合理开发利用资源等方面，对增强连片特困地区的发展能力提出明确要求。对发挥好新型城镇化和农业现代化的辐射带动作用进行深入阐述。从促进就业创业、加强教育扶贫、推进健康扶贫、筑牢社会保障“安全网”等方面对促进贫困地区民生改善作出具体部署。从资金投入、金融支持、政策合力、社会参与等方面对加大脱贫攻坚力度作出细致安排。 汪洋副总理在总结讲话中，对各地各部门认真贯彻落实中央扶贫开发工作会议精神和中央关于脱贫攻坚决策部署提出工作要求。 五、精准脱贫的基本方略 11月29日，中共中央、国务院印发《关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》，规定了“十三五”期间脱贫攻坚的指导思想、目标任务、重大举措，吹响了总攻贫困的号角。《决定》突出了4个明确。 一是目标明确。《决定》提出，到2020年，稳定实现农村贫困人口不愁吃、不愁穿，义务教育、基本医疗和住房安全有保障。实现贫困地区农民人均可支配收入增长幅度高于全国平均水平，基本公共服务主要领域指标接近全国平均水平。确保我国现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫，贫困县全部摘帽，解决区域性整体贫困。 二是途径明确。《决定》明确，把精准扶贫精准脱贫作为基本方略。提出了十条要求：健全精准扶贫工作机制、发展特色产业脱贫、引导劳务输出脱贫、实施易地搬迁脱贫、结合生态保护脱贫、着力加强教育脱贫、开展医疗保险和医疗救助脱贫、实行农村最低生活保障制度兜底脱贫、探索资产收益扶贫、健全留守儿童留守妇女留守老人和残疾人关爱服务体系。 三是政策明确。出台了脱贫攻坚的政策体系，打出政策组合拳，加大财政专项扶贫投入力度，加大金融扶贫力度，完善扶贫开发用地政策，发挥科技人才支撑作用，广泛动员社会力量，合力推进脱贫攻坚，大力营造良好氛围，为脱贫攻坚提供强大精神动力。 四是责任明确。《决定》系统明确了中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实的工作机制。要求省、市、县、乡、村五级书记一起抓，层层签订责任书、立下军令状。加强中央对省区市党委政府扶贫开发工作成效的考核，建立年度扶贫开发工作逐级督查制度，对未完成年度减贫任务的省份要对党政主要领导进行约谈。建立重大涉贫事件的处置、反馈机制，要求在处置典型事件中发现问题，加强监督，不断提高扶贫工作水平。 六、近期进展和安排部署 中央扶贫开发工作会议以后，领导小组和各地各部门迅速行动，传达学习会议精神、研究贯彻落实工作。领导小组连续召开会议，对革命老区开发建设和脱贫攻坚、易地扶贫搬迁、东部地区率先脱贫和东西扶贫协作、中央单位定点扶贫等工作作出部署。各方面贯彻落实中央决策部署动作快、决心大、力度强，呈现出“一把手”亲自抓扶贫、出台“1＋Ｎ”政策举措、各部门“一盘棋”共同行动的良好态势，为打赢“十三五”脱贫攻坚战奠定了基础。下一步，全国脱贫攻坚将做好以下工作。 （一）建设五个平台。一是建设国家扶贫开发大数据平台。大数据平台是精准扶贫、精准脱贫工作的基础和前提。要扎扎实实组织好建档立卡“回头看”，提高数据质量，运用现代信息技术手段，解决真扶贫问题。二是组建省级扶贫开发融资平台。在省一级设立扶贫开发投融资主体，筹集资金用于脱贫攻坚。三是建设县级扶贫开发资金项目整合管理平台。以扶贫规划和重大项目为引领，以县为单位，整合财政、金融、社会资金用于脱贫攻坚，提高资金使用效益和透明度。四是建设贫困村扶贫脱贫落实平台。做强基层工作平台，确保中央决策部署落实到户到人。五是建立社会扶贫对接平台。建设社会扶贫信息网，运用信息化手段实现扶贫脱贫需求与社会资源有效对接。 （二）建立完善三个机制。首先完善考核机制。中央将出台对省区市党委和政府扶贫开发工作成效考核办法，指导地方完善对贫困县的考核办法，建立东西部扶贫协作和定点扶贫工作考核评价机制。二是建立贫困退出机制。对贫困人口、贫困县和贫困村的退出，国家将制定指导意见，明确退出标准和程序，确保脱贫质量，具体由省里组织实施。三是建立第三方评估制度。邀请科研机构、社会组织对脱贫攻坚政策落实和相关工作进行第三方评估，发挥社会监督和舆论监督的作用。 （三）开展六大行动。按照精准扶贫、精准脱贫的要求，推进行业扶贫工作。一是教育扶贫行动，提高贫困群众的技能和自我发展能力，努力阻断贫困代际传递。二是健康扶贫行动，提高贫困群众的健康水平和生产生活能力，努力防止因病致贫、因病返贫。三是金融扶贫行动，努力解决贫困户、合作组织、扶贫龙头企业贷款难、贷款贵问题，支持贫困群众通过发展产业脱贫，同时支持地方政府集中力量办大事。四是劳务协作对接行动，鼓励东部地区和大中城市吸纳贫困劳动力就业，并提供后续配套服务，促进贫困人口通过转移就业脱贫。五是百县万村行动。组织中央企业帮扶革命老区1万个贫困村，解决水电路等问题，实现率先脱贫。六是“万企帮万村行动”。组织万家以上民营企业与万个以上贫困村建立结对帮扶关系，不脱贫不脱钩。 （四）推进十项工程。将坚持分类指导，因地制宜，因户因人施策的原则，组织实施10项精准扶贫工程：整村推进工程，职业教育培训工程，扶贫小额信贷工程，易地扶贫搬迁工程，电商扶贫工程，旅游扶贫工程，光伏扶贫工程，构树扶贫工程，贫困村创业致富带头人培训工程，龙头企业带动工程。
Materials for the Press Conference on Poverty Alleviation in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period
Profile of China’s Poverty Alleviation and Development
15 December, 2015 The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development
Ensuring that all rural poor population can be lifted out of poverty is the most arduous task for the comprehensive development of a well-off society. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the party and the government of China have raised the new strategy of precise poverty alleviation and elimination, and further enhanced poverty alleviation efforts. I. Achievements of poverty alleviation and development Eliminating poverty, improving people’s livelihood and gradually achieving common prosperity is the fundamental requirement of socialism and a historic task of the CPC. Since the establishment of the New China, especially since the Reform and Opening Up, the Party and the government of China have led all Chinese people to combat poverty. In 1982, the agricultural development in Sanxi Area (Hexi and Dingxi in Gansu Province and Xihaigu in Ningxia Province) marked the beginning of planned, organized and large-scale poverty alleviation and development. After that, the country implemented the Seven-Year Priority Poverty Alleviation Program (1994-2000), the Outline of Poverty Alleviation and Development in Rural Areas in China (2001-2010) and the Outline of Poverty Alleviation and Development in Rural Areas in China (2011-2020). Through these efforts, the poor population has declined remarkably, the living standard of impoverished people has escalated notably, and the situation in poverty-stricken areas has undergone fundamental changes. China has successfully developed a poverty alleviation and development path with Chinese characteristics, and reduced the rural poor population by over 700 million. As a developing country, China is one of the first countries to achieve the MDGs, and has thus contributed to global poverty reduction. This is a historic achievement for all mankind, and it shows the superiority of CPC’s leadership and socialism with Chinese characteristics. The UNDP clearly points out in the Report on the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals that ‘China’s poverty reduction has contributed to the realization of MDGs and provided experience for other countries’. II. Latest poverty alleviation progress after the 18th CPC National Congress Since the 18th CPC National Congress, faced with the new situation and new tasks of poverty alleviation and development, the Party Central Committee and the State Council has incorporated poverty alleviation into the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, carried out precise poverty alleviation and elimination, and formulated a series of strong and targeted measures. All regions and departments have earnestly implemented the plan and decisions of the central government and made remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation and development. First, the rural poor population has decreased notably. From 2012 to 2014, the rural poor population decreased by 50 million, and poverty incidence declined by 1.8%. The increase of per-capita income and that of per-capita GDP of the rural poor both exceeded the national average. Second, infrastructure has improved significantly. The construction of water conservancy, electricity and transportation projects has accelerated. 78.52 million rural people have gained access to safe drinking water; 3.54 million people have gained access to electricity; 1.24 million kilometers of roads have been constructed in 14 concentrated contiguous impoverished areas; the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network is taking form; more and more areas have acquired access to highways, railways and flights. Third, the level of basic public service is improving continuously. The conditions for compulsory education in poor areas have improved notably; the nutrition improvement plan benefits over 32 million students each year; the tuition fees of secondary vocational schools have been exempted; key universities are expanding the special projects to enroll more students from impoverished areas. The mechanism that connects basic medical insurance, critical illness insurance, medical aid and emergency rescue have taken form. The rural minimum subsistence guarantee system and basic endowment insurance system have covered all impoverished areas. The free employment services are now provided to all impoverished people. Fourth, the innovation of the poverty alleviation mechanism have registered major progress. We have created profiles for the poor population to pave the way for precise poverty alleviation. Cadres have been appointed to all impoverished villages to provide aid. The performance-guided mechanism for fiscal fund allocation and poor county performance assessment have taken form. The country has established the Poverty Alleviation Day, social poverty alleviation incentive policies are gradually improved, and an overall poverty alleviation layout participated by all sectors have been initially formed. These practice have enriched the connotations of the poverty alleviation and development paths with Chinese characteristics and have made poverty alleviation more targeted and effective. III. The current situation and tasks of poverty alleviation The 5th Plenary Session of the 18th CPC National Congress clearly points out that in the next five years, we will ensure that based on the current standard, all rural poor population are lifted out of poverty, all poor counties get rid of the poverty title and the regional overall poverty is addressed. This is a plan made by the central government on the basis of the overall situation of building a well-off society. It clarifies the basic goals for building a well-off society. A well-off society is a society that benefits all people. By 2020, if there are still tens of millions of people living under the poverty line, and regional overall poverty still exists, we will have failed to build a well-off society. In achieving the goals of poverty alleviation, we face limited time, tough tasks and huge potential. 1. Limited time. It is only 5 years from now to 2020. On average, we will lift over 10 million people out of poverty every year, that is about 1 million every month. We must spare no efforts to assume the government’s commitment to the people and the whole world on time. 2. Tough tasks. In terms of population scale, there are 70 million people living under the poverty line, which equals the population of a middle-sized country. In terms of regional distribution, the poor people mainly concentrate in less developed areas in Central China and Western China; Guizhou, Yunnan, Henan, Guangxi, Hunan and Sichuan each have over 5 million poor people, and there are 35.18 poor people in 14 concentrated contiguous impoverished areas. These areas have poor infrastructure and low-level public service that hinder poverty alleviation efforts. Many poor people live in areas with poor ecological environment and harsh living conditions, even if they are lifted out of poverty with great cost, they will very likely fall into poverty again, and we must consider relocation at great costs. In terms of poverty alleviation targets, after years of efforts, poor people with comparatively good conditions have been lifted out of poverty, leaving behind those with tough conditions. Most of the impoverished people have no working capacity, suffer from chronic disease or have received little education. The cost for lifting them out of poverty will be high. In terms of domestic and global economic situation, the sluggish global growth and increasing domestic downward pressure have also weighed down poverty alleviation. 3. Huge potential. Poverty alleviation is a major momentum for general economic development. The impoverished areas are vast, and the 14 concentrated contiguous impoverished areas make up 40% of China’s total land area. The impoverished population is large. Improving infrastructure and public service in poor areas can generate new effective investment demand, absorb excessive capacity and create job opportunities, with no redundant construction. The poor population has low consumption levels, but has high marginal consumption propensity, and itsconsumption suits the industrial level and product level of our country. Increasing their income will expand effective consumption need, and create time and space for industrial restructuring and upgrading. Impoverished regions have rich natural resources, land resources and labor resources, and promoting their growth will create new economic growth poles. Major achievements in poverty alleviation will inject momentum into the whole economic development situation. In a word, poverty alleviation has entered the home stretch, and ordinary measures and methods are no longer sufficient to accomplish the tasks. We must ensure the success of poverty alleviation in the 13th Five-Year Period with greater determination, more clear methods, more precise measures, stronger efforts and greater synergy. IV. Strategic plan for poverty alleviation Not long after the 5th Plenary Session of the 18th CPC National Congress, in November 27th to 28th, the central government convened the poverty alleviation and development conference to make new comprehensive plans for the 13th Five-Year Period. The speech of Secretary Xi Jinping at the conference gave an in-depth analysis of the situation and tasks of poverty alleviation at the height of the party’s governance basis and national development, and pointed out the direction, requirement and sequence of poverty alleviation in the 13th Five-Year Period. Secretary Xi demonstrated the arduous and important nature of poverty alleviation from the perspectives of poverty alleviation achievements and historic experience after the Reform and Opening Up and the tough situation faced by poverty alleviation. He instructed that we should focus on ensuring old-age pension and basis subsistence pension, ensuring food, clothing, compulsory education, basic medical service and housing security for the poor. Secretary Xi analyzed the problems and conflicts we face in poverty alleviation in terms of natural resources, mechanisms, systems, responsibilities, social synergies, internal initiative of the impoverished people and regions, the effectiveness and pertinence of policies and other objective and subjective constraints, and required us to face up to the problems, solve them and start the poverty alleviation work with full determination and redoubled efforts. He also answered the question of how to alleviate poverty, who to support, who to conduct poverty alleviation and how to deal with the exit from poverty. He proposed the ‘Five Groups Project’ which required us to explore diversified channels and paths for precise poverty alleviation. Secretary Xi raised clear requirements for the exit from poverty that we will make timetables, exit from poverty in order, set aside the buffer, implement the impoverished title removal policy, strictly assess poverty alleviation and ensure poverty alleviation of each person. He made an overall plan for the leadership of poverty alleviation and required to make use of political advantages, fulfill responsibilities, increase poverty alleviation input on a large scale, meet poverty alleviation needs, inspire indogenous power, motivate impoverished people in poor areas, pool social strength and form an overall poverty alleviation situation with participation of the whole society. Secretary Xi’s speech is the basic principle and guideline for pooling the strength of the party and the society for poverty alleviation. Premier Li Keqiang’s speech at the conference gave a comprehensive plan for poverty alleviation in the 13th Five-Year Period from the perspective of social and economic development. He demonstrated the importance of poverty alleviation for avoiding the middle-income trap in terms of the rising effective investment needs in impoverished areas, resource supply and new growth and development space brought by consumption need. He raised clear requirements for enhancing infrastructure development, promoting ecological conservation, utilizing resources and improving the development capacity of concentrated contiguous impoverished areas. He also gave an in-depth demonstration of the leading role of new urbanization and agricultural modernization and delivered the plan for promoting employment and entrepreneurship, enhancing poverty alleviation through education, promoting health poverty alleviation and establishing the security network of social security, and the plan for enhancing poverty alleviation in terms of capital input, financial support, policy synergy and social participation. Vice Premier Wang Yang raised requirement for all department in all regions to implement the spirit of the poverty alleviation and development conference and the central government’s plan for poverty alleviation. V. Basic strategy of precise poverty alleviation On November 29th, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council printed and issued the Decisions on Achieving Poverty Alleviation Success which provided guiding thoughts, tasks and goals and major measures during the 13th Five-Year Period. The Decision focuses on four clear factors: The first is clear goals. The Decision points out that by 2020, the rural poor will be ensured access to food, clothing, compulsory education, basic medical service and housing security. We will ensure that the growth of per-capital disposable income of farmers in impoverished areas exceed the national average, and the indicator of basic public service in major areas become close to the national average. We will also ensure that judging from the current standard, all rural poor population are lifted out of poverty, all impoverished counties remove the title of impoverished county and the regional overall poverty is settled. Second, a clear path. The Decision takes precise poverty alleviation and elimination as a basic strategy and raises 10 requirements: optimizing precise alleviation mechanism, developing poverty alleviation with special industries, guiding poverty alleviation through labor transfer, carrying out poverty alleviation though migration, incorporating poverty alleviation with ecological protection, enhancing poverty alleviation through education, carrying out poverty alleviation with medical insurance and medical aid, conducting poverty alleviation with the rural minimum subsistence allowance system, exploring poverty alleviation with asset income and improving the caring service system for left-behind children, women and elders. Third, clear policies. We have developed a policy system for poverty alleviation, implemented a portfolio of policies, increased fiscal funds for poverty alleviation, enhanced financial poverty alleviation, improved land use policies for poverty alleviation and development, given play to talents and pooled social strength to create synergy for poverty alleviation, create a favorable environment and provide spiritual momentum for poverty alleviation. Fourth, clear responsibilities. The Decision clarifies the working mechanism planned by the central government, regulated by provinces and implemented by cities and counties. It requires that the secretaries at provincial, municipal, county, town and village levels sign letters of responsibilities and take oaths. We will enhance the central government’s assessment of the performance of provincial party committees and governments, establish an annual poverty alleviation cascade inspection system, and talk to major leaders of provinces that fail to achieve the poverty alleviation goal. We will establish the response and feedback system over major incidence related to poverty alleviation, and find problems in dealing with typical incidences, enhance supervision and improve poverty alleviation. VI. Recent progress and arrangements After the poverty alleviation and development conference, the leading group and departments in all regions have taken prompt actions to disseminate the spirit of the conference and implement the work. The leading group convened several meetings to make plans for the poverty alleviation of old revolution areas, poverty alleviation migration, preferential poverty elimination in east China, poverty alleviation cooperation between the east and the west and targeted poverty alleviation of central departments. All sectors have implemented the central government’s decisions with prompt actions, strong determination and enhanced efforts. The top leaders have taken responsibility for poverty alleviation, the ‘1+N’ policies have been promulgated, and all sectors have taken unified actions. These have laid a solid foundation for poverty alleviation in the 13th Five-Year Period. In the next period, we will focus on the following work: 1. Developing five platforms. The first platform is the poverty alleviation and development big data platform, which is the foundation for precise poverty alleviation. We will make every effort to create poverty alleviation files improve data quality and use modern IT technology to solve problems. The second platform is the provincial poverty alleviation and development financing platform. This platform can serve as an investment and financing body to raise funds for poverty alleviation. The third platform is the county-level integrated poverty alleviation fund project management platform. This platform is guided by poverty alleviation plans and major projects, and it can integrate finance and social capital in each county for poverty alleviation, and improve the efficiency and transparency of capital use. The fourth platform is the platform for implementing poverty alleviation in impoverished villages. We will enhance grassroots working platforms to ensure that the central government’s decision can be implemented in every household. The fifth platform is the social poverty alleviation connection platform. We will develop a social poverty alleviation information network and use information measures to channel social resources to areas with poverty alleviation needs. 2. Establishing and improving three mechanisms. First, we will improve the assessment mechanism. The central government will issue the methods for the assessment of poverty alleviation performance of party committees and governments in provinces, districts and cities, guide local governments to improve the performance assessment of impoverished countries and establish an assessment mechanism for poverty alleviation cooperation between the east and the west and targeted poverty alleviation. Second, we will develop an exit mechanism. The country will formulate guiding opinions to clarify the standards and procedures for the exit of impoverished population, counties and villages to ensure the quality of poverty elimination. The work will be organized by each province. Third, we will develop a third-party assessment mechanism. We will invite research institutions and social organizations to assess the implementation of poverty alleviation policies and relevant work, and give play to social supervision and public opinion supervision. 3. Taking six actions. We will promote industrial poverty alleviation according to the requirement of precise poverty alleviation and elimination. First, we will have poverty alleviation through education to improve the skills and independent development ability of the poor and prevent intergenerational transmission of poverty. Second, we will have health poverty alleviation to improve the health standard and ability of impoverished people and prevent illness-related poverty. Third, we will have financial poverty alleviation to solve the problem of expensive and limited access to loans for impoverished families, cooperation organizations and leading poverty alleviation enterprises, support the impoverished people to get rid of poverty through industrial development and support local governments to pool the strength. Fourth, we will take actions to encourage eastern regions and large and medium-sized cities to absorb impoverished laborers and provide supporting service to help impoverished people to eliminate poverty through labor transfer. Fifth, we will have the Hundred Counties and Ten Thousand Village Project. We will organize state owned enterprises to aid 10000 villages in old revolutionary areas, solve the problems related to electricity, water and transportation to let them take the lead in achieving poverty alleviation. Sixth, we will have the ‘Enterprise for Villages Project’ to build the supporting relation between 10,000 private enterprises with 10,000 impoverished villages. The relation will last until the villages are lifted out of poverty. 4. Advancing ten pro-poor projects. We will adhere to the principle of giving different guidance to different areas and different families and organize 10 precise poverty alleviation projects: the whole village promotion project, the vocational education project, the poverty alleviation micro-credits project, the poverty alleviation relocation project, the e-commercial poverty alleviation project, the pro-poor tourism project, the photovoltaic poverty alleviation project, the afforestation poverty alleviation project, the entrepreneurship leader training project and the leading enterprise guidance project.
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