<Article>背景材料：《全国农业现代化规划（2016-2020年）》内容简况</Article>

国务院政策例行吹风会材料之一

《全国农业现代化规划（2016-2020年）》内容简况

（2016年10月14日）

农业部国家发展改革委

党的十八届五中全会明确提出“大力推进农业现代化，走产出高效、产品安全、资源节约、环境友好的农业现代化道路”；《国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》也对推进农业现代化提出了明确要求。为大力推进农业现代化发展，10月8日国务院第149次常务会审议通过了《全国农业现代化规划（2016-2020年）》。

《规划》分析了“十三五”农业现代化面临的形势。“十二五”以来，党中央、国务院不断加大强农惠农富农政策力度，农业现代化建设取得了巨大成绩，综合生产能力迈上新台阶，物质技术装备达到新水平，适度规模经营呈现新局面，产业格局呈现新变化，农民收入实现新跨越，我国农业现代化已进入全面推进、重点突破、梯次实现的新时期。“十三五”时期，农业现代化的内外部环境更加错综复杂，突出表现在：在居民消费结构升级的背景下，部分农产品供求结构性失衡的问题日益凸显；在资源环境约束趋紧的背景下，农业发展方式粗放的问题日益凸显；在国内外农产品市场深度融合的背景下，农业竞争力不强的问题日益凸显；在经济发展速度放缓、动力转换的背景下，农民持续增收难度加大的问题日益凸显。“十三五”，推进农业现代化也面临发展共识更加凝聚、外部拉动更加强劲、转型基础更加坚实、市场空间更加广阔、创新驱动更加有力等有利条件。我国农业现代化建设仍处于补齐短板、大有作为的重要战略机遇期。

《规划》提出了“十三五”农业现代化的战略要求、指导思想、基本原则和发展目标。在战略要求上，提出了“农业的根本出路在于现代化，农业现代化是国家现代化的基础和支撑”“没有农业现代化，国家现代化是不完整、不全面、不牢固的”的战略定位，“推进农业供给侧结构性改革”的发展主线，“确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”“建设现代农业产业体系、生产体系、经营体系”的战略重点。在指导思想上，提出要以提高质量效益和竞争力为中心，以推进农业供给侧结构性改革为主线，以多种形式适度规模经营为引领，加快转变农业发展方式，构建现代农业产业体系、生产体系、经营体系，保障农产品有效供给、农民持续增收和农业可持续发展，走产出高效、产品安全、资源节约、环境友好的农业现代化发展道路。在基本原则上，提出了坚持农民主体地位、生产生活生态协同推进、改革创新双轮驱动、国内国际统筹布局、市场政府两手发力等。在发展目标上，提出了“全国农业现代化取得明显进展，国家粮食安全得到有效保障，农产品供给体系质量和效率显著提高，农业国际竞争力进一步增强，农民生活达到全面小康水平，美丽宜居乡村建设迈上新台阶。东部沿海发达地区、大城市郊区、国有垦区和国家现代农业示范区基本实现农业现代化。以高标准农田为基础、以粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区为支撑的产能保障格局基本建立；粮经饲统筹、农林牧渔结合、种养加一体、一二三产业融合的现代农业产业体系基本构建；农业灌溉用水总量基本稳定，化肥、农药使用量零增长，畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆、农膜资源化利用目标基本实现”的总体目标，以及粮食供给保障、农业结构、质量效益、可持续发展、技术装备、规模经营、支持保护等方面具体发展指标。

《规划》细化落实五大理念，提出了“十三五”农业现代化的发展任务。一是创新强农，着力推进农业转型升级。着眼推进体制机制创新、科技创新、供给创新，稳定完善农村基本经营制度，引导农户依法自愿有序流转土地经营权，发展多种形式的适度规模经营；强化技术装备支撑，提高机械化、信息化水平；调整优化种植业、畜牧业、渔业生产结构，壮大特色农林产品生产；增强粮食等重要农产品安全保障能力，建立粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区，大规模推进高标准农田建设。二是协调惠农，着力促进农业均衡发展。着眼推进产业融合、区域统筹、主体协同，推动农村一二三产业融合发展，发展农产品深加工和电子商务、休闲农业等新业态，完善农产品市场流通体系，促进农民增收；优化区域结构，建立与资源环境承载力相匹配的农业生产力布局；加快构建新型职业农民队伍，提升新型经营主体带动农户能力，促进农村人才创业就业，推动经营主体协调发展。三是绿色兴农，着力提升农业可持续发展水平。着眼于资源节约、环境友好、质量安全，实施绿色兴农重大工程，推进资源保护和生态修复，促进耕地、水、草原、森林等农业资源可持续利用；严格化肥、农药、饲料添加剂等使用管理，推动农业废弃物资源化利用无害化处理，综合防治农业面源污染；提升质量安全源头控制、标准化生产、品牌带动、风险防控、监管五个能力，提高质量安全水平。四是开放助农，着力扩大农业对外合作。着眼于统筹用好国内国际两个市场、两种资源，优化农业对外合作布局，统筹考虑全球农业资源禀赋和投资政策环境等因素，合理确定开放布局；提升农业对外合作水平，推进农业科技对外合作，完善农业对外合作服务体系；促进农产品贸易健康发展，促进优势农产品出口，加强农产品进口调控。五是共享富农，着力增进民生福祉。着眼于让农民分享现代化成果，推进产业精准脱贫，助力农村贫困地区脱贫攻坚；促进农业现代化与新型城镇化相辅相成，推进农业转移人口市民化，为发展多种形式适度规模经营、实现农业现代化创造条件。同时，《规划》围绕每个任务的关键领域和薄弱环节提出了若干重大工程。

《规划》提出了“十三五”农业现代化的重大政策，包括财政投入、金融保险、农业用地、市场调控等4方面，强调要加大强农惠农富农力度，健全财政投入稳定增长机制，拓宽社会资本市场化投入渠道，优化农业补贴政策，创新信贷、保险等支农措施。为了确保目标任务落实，《规划》提出了加强组织领导、逐级衔接落实、完善考核机制、强化法治保障等4方面保障措施。

Materials for STATE Council Policies Briefing

Introduction of the National Plan for Agricultural Modernization (2016-2020)

14 October 2016

by the Ministry of Agriculture and National Development and Reform Commission

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee has proposed that China should embark on a path of agricultural modernization featuring efficient production, safe products, resource conservation and environmental friendliness. The 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development has also specified the goals for agricultural modernization. To enable greater progress in this aspect, the 149th Executive Meeting of the State Council reviewed and adopted the National Plan for Agricultural Modernization (2016-2020) (The Plan) on the 8th of October.

The Plan provided an analysis of the overall circumstances for agricultural modernization in the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Since the start of the 12th Five Year Plan period, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have been constantly strengthening the policy support for agricultural development and farmers’ income. This has resulted in remarkable progress in agricultural modernization in China: comprehensive production capacity has reached a new height; technology and equipment have advanced to a new level; new prospects have emerged for the appropriate scaling up of agricultural operation; new industrial patterns have taken shape; and new strides have been made in increasing farmers’ income. China has entered a fresh phase when it promotes agricultural modernization in an all-round manner while striving for breakthroughs on key issues, achieving the goals step by step. Entering the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China faces more complex internal and external environment in its pursuit of agricultural modernization: the structural imbalance between supply and demand of certain agricultural products tends to be exacerbated as the domestic consumption structure upgrades; the current inefficient development modes will encounter increasing challenges as the constraint from resources and environment tightens; the weak competitiveness of the agricultural sector will become more prominent due to the profound integration of domestic and international agricultural markets, and difficulties will grow in our efforts to sustainably enhance farmers’ income when the economic growth slows and the economic driving forces shift. Meanwhile, we will also enjoy a number of favorable conditions: a stronger consensus for development, greater external stimulus, a firmer foundation for development transition, broader markets, and greater drive by innovation. We are still in a critical stage of agricultural modernization with strategic opportunities to overcome weaknesses and accomplish substantial achievements.

The Plan outlined the strategy, guidelines, basic principles and goals of agricultural modernization in the 13th Five-Year Plan period. The strategy began with a summary of the new concepts, observations and requirements on agricultural modernization put forward by the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, and on that basis defined the direction, main tasks and strategic priorities for the 13th Five-Year Plan period. The guidelines are to improve quality, efficiency and competitiveness, advance the supply-side structural reform, promote diversified and appropriately scaled operations, transform the development mode, and modernize agricultural value chains, production methods and organizational forms, with a view to ensuring effective supply of agricultural products, continuous increase of farmers’ income and sustainable agricultural development, thus breaking a path of modern agriculture featuring high efficiency, safe products, resource conservation and environment friendliness. The guiding principles are being farmers centered, balancing the progress in production, living standards and ecosystem, driving development with both reform and innovation, taking both domestic and global perspectives and allowing both the government and market to play their roles. The goals are to make notable progress in agricultural modernization nation-wide, effectively ensure national food security, significantly improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system of agricultural products, further enhance the global competitiveness of China’s agriculture sectors, enable farmers to live a well-off life in all respects and turn the countryside into a more beautiful and pleasant place to live in. Modern agriculture is to be established in the more developed east coastal region, outskirts of big cities, state farms and national modern agriculture demonstration bases. A framework to ensure production capacity is to be built based on high standard farmland with main producing regions of grains and protected producing regions of important produce as cornerstones. A modern agricultural industry is to be created with balanced production of food, feed and cash crops, as well as integration between the agriculture, forestry, livestock and fishery sectors, between farming and processing, and between the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Total water use for irrigation is to be kept stable, increase in the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to be frozen, and animal waste, crop residue and plastic film to be recycled. In addition to these overarching goals, targets were set for food supply, agricultural structure, quality, efficiency, sustainable development, technology, equipment, scaled operation and policy support.

The Plan substantiated the five development concepts, putting forward concrete tasks to realize agricultural modernization during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.

First, build an innovation-driven agriculture and concentrate efforts on transformation and upgrading. We will promote innovation in systems and institution, science and technology, and supply system; improve and stabilize the basic rural operating system, guide farmers in voluntarily transferring land operation rights in an orderly manner in accordance with law, and encourage appropriately scaled operation in multiple forms. We will cultivate stronger technology and equipment to support agriculture and increase mechanization and IT application, adjust and optimize the structure of crop production, animal husbandry and fisheries while boost the production of specialty produce in agriculture and forestry. We will enhance the ability of ensuring the safety of grains and other important agricultural produce by establishing main grain producing areas and protected zones for important agricultural products and press ahead with the building of high-standard farmland.

Second, benefit rural communities through coordination and pursue balanced development. We will foster industrial integration, regional coordination and synergy among major participants; push forward integrated and harmonious development among the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas by growing such new type of businesses as the deep-processing of agri-products, e-commerce and agricultural tourism, and by improving the market and distribution system of agricultural products, which will contribute to raising farmers’ income. We will optimize regional structure and make sure production planning go hand in hand with resources availability and environmental tolerance. We will step up the cultivation of new-type professional farmers, enhance the capacity of new-type business entities to lead rural households, facilitate the employment of and the establishment of start-up businesses by rural residents, and promote the balanced development between various forms of agricultural entities.

Third, vitalize agriculture with green development and seek greater sustainability. With a mindset of resource conservation, environmental friendliness and quality and safety, we will implement key projects to step up resource conservation and ecological restoration and maintain resource sustainability of arable land, water, grassland and forestry. We will put in place stricter regulation of fertilizers, pesticides and feed additives, promote the recycle and bio-safety disposal of agricultural wastes and control non-point pollution in a comprehensive way. We will further build our capacity to manage quality and safety from the source of production, standardize production, enhance brand influence, control risk and exercise regulation so as to raise the quality and safety level.

Fourth, facilitate agricultural development through higher level of opening-up and expanded foreign cooperation. We will give equal attention to markets and resources home and abroad and optimize cooperation planning in a rational fashion by taking into consideration global agricultural resource endowment and investment policy and environment. We will upgrade overall international cooperation in agriculture by intensifying collaborations in science and technology and improving the supporting service systems. We will push for sound growth in agricultural trade with stronger export of superior products and better import regulation.

Fifth, enrich farmers through sharing and improve the livelihoods and well-being of rural population. We will work to make sure that dividends of modernization are shared by farmers. We will carry out targeted poverty elimination with tailored industrial development and provide firm support to poor areas in poverty alleviation. We will make sure that agricultural modernization and the new-style urbanization are mutually reinforced by granting rights of urban residents to migratory rural population in cities, paving the way for appropriately scaled operation in multiple forms and the eventual achievement of agricultural modernization. The Plan also proposed a series of major projects regarding the key areas and weak links of each task.

The Plan proposed significant polices for agricultural modernization during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, covering four aspects, namely financial input, finance and insurance, agricultural land and market regulation. The policies underscore stronger efforts in strengthening agriculture, benefiting rural communities and enriching farmers by establishing the mechanism for steady increase of financial input, widening the channel for social capital to engage in agriculture, optimizing policies for agricultural subsidies, and promoting innovation in credit, loans and insurance services for agriculture. The Plan also put forward four measures to ensure the implementation of the tasks: build a stronger leadership, ensure coherence in central-to-local implementation, improve performance appraisal systems, and strengthen the rule of law.