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第一次全国地理国情普查背景材料

发布时间: 2017-04-24 13:51:07  |  来源: 中国网  |  责任编辑: 张钰

(2017年4月24日)

国家测绘地理信息局

国土资源部

国家统计局

国务院第一次全国地理国情普查领导小组办公室

一、背景情况

2011年5月,李克强总理提出,地理国情是重要的基本国情,是搞好宏观调控、促进可持续发展的重要决策依据,也是建设责任政府、服务政府的重要支撑。

地理国情是我国“山水林田湖”等地表自然要素和交通网络、居民地与设施等人文地理要素构成的空间分布、特征及其相互关系情况。

2013年2月28日,国务院印发《国务院关于开展第一次全国地理国情普查的通知》,8月19日,第一次全国地理国情普查工作正式启动。普查工作由张高丽副总理任领导小组组长。

普查的目的是:查清我国地表自然和人文地理要素的现状和空间分布情况,为开展常态化地理国情监测奠定基础,满足经济社会发展和生态文明建设的需要,提高地理国情信息对政府、企业和公众的服务能力。

普查的对象是:我国陆地国土范围内的地表自然和人文地理要素。

普查内容是:(1)自然地理要素的基本情况,包括地形地貌、植被覆盖、水域、荒漠与裸露地等的类别、位置、范围、面积等,掌握其空间分布状况;(2)人文地理要素的基本情况,包括与人类活动密切相关的交通网络、居民地与设施、地理单元等的类别、位置、范围等,掌握其空间分布现状。

二、完成的主要工作

(一)完成的主要工作

2013年8月至2016年11月,按照“全国统一领导、部门分工协作、地方分级负责、各方共同参与”的原则,圆满完成了第一次全国地理国情普查任务。

普查期间得到了普查领导小组成员单位中央宣传部、外交部、发展改革委、工业和信息化部、公安部、民政部、财政部、人力资源社会保障部、国土资源部、环境保护部、住房城乡建设部、交通运输部、水利部、农业部、统计局、林业局、旅游局、地震局、能源局、海洋局、民航局、文物局、联合参谋部战场环境保障局、武警总队等24个部委局的大力相助。

普查工作承担单位为:全国400多家乙级以上测绘资质单位。

普查投入人力情况:全国5万多名普查专业技术人员。

普查进度情况:2013年8月启动;2015年3月完成普查数据采集;2015年9月,完成标准时点数据核准;2016年8月,通过专家验收;2016年11月22日,张高丽副总理主持召开领导小组全体会议;2017年4月,国务院批准发布普查公报、提供普查成果。

普查技术设计情况:编制了普查总体方案、实施方案,研究制定了20余项技术规程规定,建立了完善的技术标准体系。

普查技术培训情况:组织国家级培训246次,累积培训29658人次,开展省级培训1800次,累积培训15.6万人次。

普查监督检查情况:开展了130多次督查督导。

普查质量控制情况:建立了“两级检查、一级验收、过程抽查、验后复核”的质量控制体系,做到了质量控制对普查承担单位、普查区域、普查工序、普查成果的全覆盖,普查数据准确率高于99.7%。

普查技术创新情况:采用三维激光扫描车、无人机航拍、外业调查轨迹跟踪等新技术手段,首次采用覆盖全国的优于1米分辨率的遥感影像作为普查底图,自主研发了系列普查软件。

普查管理创新情况:充分发挥“互联网+”优势,通过实时在线的项目管理系统,对所有参与普查单位进行全流程在线管理,实时掌控普查进度和质量。

(二)主要特点

第一次全国地理国情普查是重大国情国力调查,普查工作的主要特点有:

——高效普查。坚持全国统一技术设计,全国统一质量控制,全国统筹进度计划,积极推动资源共享,确保全国普查工作一盘棋。

——客观普查。采用“室内高精度遥感影像判读+人工野外实地核查”相结合的方式进行数据采集,采集原则遵循“所见即所得”,坚持各省(区、市)数据直报国务院普查办,全国统一建设数据库和进行统计分析,确保普查数据全面、真实、准确。

——精细普查。统计指标超过300个,采用优于1米分辨率的遥感影像,全国重点要素最小采集面积为400平方米,城市中心城区最小采集面积为200平方米。

——创新普查。综合应用现代测绘地理信息高新技术和激光雷达等高新装备提高劳动生产率,实现了普查软件的国产化,在统计各类要素投影面积的同时,首次精准计算了表面实际面积。

——安全普查。建立了严格的安全生产体系,实现了整体工程无安全责任事故。

——优质普查。建立了完备的质量控制体系,切实加强人员培训,确保成果质量优良。

三、获得的主要成果

以2015年6月30日为标准时点,首次取得了我国全覆盖、无缝隙、高精度的由10个一级类、58个二级类和135个三级类构成的海量地理国情信息,全面查清了我国陆地国土范围内(未含港澳台地区)地表自然和人文地理要素的空间分布状况及其相互关系,建成了普查数据库及管理系统,编制了普查公报和统计数据汇编,编绘了普查图件图集,为开展常态化地理国情监测奠定了基础。主要成果有:

(1)普查数据成果。首次获取了普查范围内我国陆地国土表面面积,掌握了各类地形地貌的分布,查清了我国地表覆盖要素的类别、面积和空间分布,总图斑数超过2.6亿个。查清了我国铁路与道路、水域、构筑物等地理国情要素的类别、数量、面积和长度等,总要素量超过2500万个。

(2)普查信息管理服务系统。建成了普查成果数据库,数据总量达770TB,构建了数据库管理和应用服务系统,既可为用户提供三维浏览、成果查询、检索和分发服务,也可为政府、企业和社会提供个性化的统计分析定制服务。

(3)普查公报。公报包含普查内容和指标中可公开的10个一级类、54个二级类和80个三级类,并以图文并茂的形式客观反映了本次普查的主要统计成果,以便社会公众了解我国基本的地理国情“家底”。

(4)普查统计数据。是本次普查全部内容的统计成果,内容丰富详实,由全国和东部、中部、西部、东北部地区5篇组成,客观反映了国家、省、市、县四级行政区域内地理国情要素的数量、构成和分布现状,主要为国务院及各部门、各省级政府决策提供地理国情信息参考。

(5)普查图件图集。以系列地图的形式直观揭示了我国地理国情的现状和分布,展示全国、分省、重点区域内的地理国情空间分布和统计结果。

四、成果应用情况

按照张高丽副总理“边普查、边监测、边应用”的指示精神,积极推动普查成果应用,在生态文明建设、国土空间开发、民生保障、社会治理等领域,为科学编制规划、优化空间布局、基础设施建设、促进管理创新等方面提供基础资料和决策参考,积极服务于“一带一路”、京津冀协同发展、智慧城市等重大战略和重大工程实施。主要应用有:

国家发改委:京津冀地区自然资源承载力试评价、空间规划编制“多规合一”试点。

住房城乡建设部:重点城市黑臭水体整治。

国家统计局:自然资源资产负债表编制试点。

国家林业局:东北国有重点林区森林资源监测。

农业部、财政部、国土资源部:农村土地确权登记。

贵州省:精准扶贫作战图管理系统建设。

与此同时,积极开展地理国情监测试点,组织开展了京津冀地区重点大气颗粒物污染源空间分布、首都经济圈城市空间布局、三江源生态保护区管理、国家级新区建设变化等100多项地理国情监测工作。

五、下一步工作安排

积极推动普查成果的共享应用,做好常态化地理国情监测,客观揭示资源、生态、环境、人口、经济、社会等要素在地理空间上的内在关系,科学分析我国资源环境的承载能力和发展潜力,为了解国情、把握国势、制定国策提供基础数据支撑和科学手段保障。

(1)推动普查成果的共享应用

——加强普查成果统计分析,为政府和部门决策提出科学有据的判断和政策建议。

——拓展普查成果应用领域,做好普查数据的分类整理和深度开发,为各部门提供个性化的定制服务。

——推进普查数据资源共享。

——服务各类重大国情国力普查调查。发挥公共基底作用,为经济、农业、人口、国土、水利等调查普查工作提供基础底图信息。

(2)开展常态化地理国情监测

——每年获取我国陆地国土范围内地表覆盖和地理国情要素的变化情况,定期发布全国地理国情监测报告。

——针对重点、热点、难点问题,开展专题性地理国情监测,通过融合经济社会人文等信息进行大数据挖掘分析,服务科学管理决策。

 

Material 2 for the press conference of the State Council Information Office

Background Information on

theFirst China Geography Census

National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation

Ministry of Land and Resources

National Bureau of Statistics

Office of the Leading Group for the First China Geography Census of the State Council

April 24, 2017

I. Background

In May 2011, Premier Li Keqiang pointed out thatnational geographical conditions, as a significantcomponent of fundamental national conditions, arecrucial for decision-making inmacroeconomic management and sustainable development, as well as for building responsible government and service government.

National geographical conditions refer to the spatial distribution, characteristics andrelations of the natural featureson the earth surface such as mountains, waters, forests and fields, and man-made geographical features including traffic networks, residential areas and facilities.

On February 28, 2013, the State Council issued the Notice on Implementation of the First China GeographyCensus(hereinafter referred to as “the Census”). The Census was officially launched on August 19, 2013. The Leading Group for the Census was chaired by Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli.

The Census aimsto make a thorough investigation of the status and spatial distribution of China's natural and man-made geographical features, so as to lay a foundation for regular monitoring of national geographical conditions, meet theneeds of economical,social and ecological development,and improve the services withgeographical information for governments, enterprises and the public.

Targeted at the natural and man-madegeographicalfeatures on the earth surface within China’s land territory, the Census includes the following contents: 1) basic conditions of natural geographicalfeatures, including classification, location, scope, area and spatial distribution of landforms, vegetation cover, water bodies, deserts and bare lands; 2) basic conditions of man-madegeographicalfeatures, includingclassification, location, scope and spatial distribution of traffic network, residential areas and facilities,and geographical units, which are closely related to human activities.

II. Major Achievements

1. Main Accomplishments

The Censuswas successfully completedfrom August 2013 to November 2016 according to the principle of “national unified leadership, inter-departmental specialization and cooperation, graded responsibility at local level and all stakeholders’ involvement”.

The Census received great support from theLeading Group memberorganizations including 24 ministries, commissions and agencies. They are the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, National Bureau of Statistics, State Forestry Administration, National Tourism Administration, China Earthquake Administration, National Energy Administration, State Oceanic Administration, Civil Aviation Administration, State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Battlefield Environment Bureau ofthe Joint Staff,and Armed Police Forces.

The work of the Census was undertaken by more than 400 licensedsurveying and mapping organizations above Grade B nationwide. More than 50,000 professionals were engaged in the Census.

The schedule of the Census:

1) Launched in August 2013;

2) Data collection completed in March 2015;

3) Data check with the standard time point completed in September 2015;

4) Data accepted by the examination expert group in August 2016;

5) Meeting of the Leading Group chaired by Vice Premier Zhang Gaoliconvened on November 22, 2016;

6) Publication of the Census Communique and provision of the results approved by the State Council in April 2017.

Technical design:

1) A general scheme and a series of implementation plans;

2) More than 20 technical specifications;

3) A complete technical standards system.

Trainings:

1) 246 national level trainings with 29,658 person-times trained;

2)1,800 provincial level trainings with 156,000 person-times trained.

Supervision:

More than 130 inspections were conducted.

Quality control:

A quality control system of combinational inspection of the process and results featuring random check of the process and post review of accepted resultswas established. The quality control fully covered the responsible organizations, regions, working process and results of the Census. The data accuracy of 99.7% was achieved.

Technical innovations:

1) Adopted new technologiessuch as 3D laser scanner, UAV aerial photography, and field trip tracking;

2) Used sub-meter resolution remote sensing images covering the whole country for the first time;

3) Independently developed a series of software.

Management innovations:

The Census, taking advantage of the internet+ technology, used the real-time project management systemto manage all the participating organizations online for the wholeprocess and to control the schedule and quality.

2. Main Characteristics

The First China Geography Census is a significant survey on the national conditions and national power. It has the following main characteristics.

High efficiency:The Census was conducted under national unified technical design, quality control and schedule management to promote sharing of resources andensure national coordination.

Objectiveness:The data collection was carried out with combined methods of indoor interpretation of high resolutionremote sensing imagesand field verification according to the principle of“what you see is what you get”.The data collected by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities was directly reported to the Geography Census Office of the State Council. The database was established and statistical analysis was made at the national level to ensure the comprehensiveness, authenticity and accuracy of the data.

Preciseness: More than 300 statistical indicatorswere adopted in the Census.The remote sensing images used are of sub-meter resolution. The minimum data capture area fornational key featuresis 400 square meters, and thatfor city centersis 200 square meters.

Innovativeness: Modern geospatial technologies and high-tech equipment such as lidarwere used to improve the productivity.The software used in the Census was all domestically developed. Besides the statistical analysis on the projected area of all kinds of features, the actual surface areawas accurately calculated for the first time.

Safeness: A strict safety production system was established and there was no safety accident in the whole project.

High quality:With theestablishment of a complete quality control system and the enhancement of personnel training, high quality of the resultswas ensured.

III. Major Results

Taking June 30, 2015 as the standard time point, the Census obtained for the first timemassive national full coverage, seamless and high accuracy information on geographical conditions,including 10 firstclasses, 58 secondclasses and 135 thirdclasses. TheCensus made a thorough survey of the status and spatial distribution of the natural and man-made geographical features on the Earth surface within China’s land territory (except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan of China). The Census database and management system was developed, the Census Communique and statistical data collection were formulated, and the Census maps and atlases were made. All there have laid a foundation for regular monitoring of national geographical conditions. The major results of the Census are as below:

1. Data results. The Censussurveyed for the first time China’sland surface area within the Census extent, the distribution of various landforms, the classification, area and spatial distribution of land cover features,and acquired more than 260 million map polygons. The Census obtained the classification, quantity, area and length of more than 25 millionnational geographicalfeatures such as railways, roads, waters and structures.

2. The Census information management service system. The Census databasehas been established with770TB data.The database management and service system was developed to provide 3D browsing, query, searching and distribution services as well as customized statistical and analytical services for the government, enterprises and society.

3. The Census Communique. The communique contains contents and indexes of 10 firstclasses, 54 secondclasses and 80 third classes that are available to the public. It reflects the major statistical results of the Census in both texts and graphicsfor the public to understand China's basic geographical conditions.

4. Statistical data. Thestatistical results of the Censusis rich in content and consists of five chapters about the whole nation, east China, central China, west China, and northeast China. It objectively reflects the quantity, composition and distribution of the national geographicalfeatures within the administrative divisions of the nation, provinces, cities and counties. It servesto provide geographical reference for decision making by the State Council, the different departments, and the provincial governments.

5. Maps and atlases. A series of maps were compiled to visually reveal the status and distribution of China's geographical conditions, and to show the spatial distribution and statistical results of the geographical conditions of the country, the provinces and the key areas.

IV. Application

Based on the instructions by Vice Premier Zhang Gaolito simultaneouslyconductcensus, monitoring and application, the Census results have been applied in ecological civilization, national land space development, livelihood support and social governance. It provides basic data and decision making reference for scientific planning, optimizing spatial layout, infrastructure construction and management innovation, and serves the major national strategies and projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, the Coordinated Development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, and Smart City Construction. The main applications are as follows:

1. National Development and Reform Commission: Trial Evaluation on the Bearing Capacity of Natural Resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.

2. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development: Black Smelly Water Management in Major Cities.

3. National Bureau of Statistics: Pilot Project of Formulating the Natural Resources Balance Sheet.

4. State Forestry Administration: Forest Resources Monitoring of the Key State-Owned Forest Districts in Northeast China.

5. Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Land and Resources: Rural Land Ownership Registration.

6. Guizhou Province: Development of the Action Map Management System for Precise Poverty Alleviation.

In the meantime, more than 100 pilot projects of national geographical conditions monitoring have been carried out, such as the spatial distribution of key atmospheric particulate pollution sources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the spatial layout of the Capital economic circle, the management of the ecological protection zone of the three major rivers, and the changes of the national level newzone construction.

V. Next Steps

Promote sharing and applications of the Census results, and carry out regular geographical conditions monitoring. Such work will objectively reveal the interrelations in geospatial distribution of resources, ecology, environment, population, economy and society, and scientifically analyze the bearing capacity and development potential of China’s resources and environment, so as to provide basic data and scientifictools for understanding national conditions, grasping development trends and formulating national policies.

1. To promotesharing and application of the Census results.

1) Strengthen statistical analysis of the Census results,provide scientific judgments and policy suggestions for decision making of the governments and the departments.

2) Expand the application area of the Census results andsort outand further develop the Census data,provide customized services to alldepartments.

3) Promote sharing of the Census dataresources.

4) Serve the major national censuses as public base map, such as provide base map information for national census on economy, agriculture, population, land, and water conservancy.

2. To carry on the regulargeographical conditions monitoring.

1) Obtainannual change ofthe surface coverage and geographical condition features within China’sland territory and regularly publish thenational geographical conditions monitoring report.

2)Carry onthematic geographical conditions monitoring that focuses on hot, difficult and key issues, and implement big data analysis based on integrated information of economy, society and humanity, to serve scientific decision making.

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