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中国科学院科技支撑“一带一路”建设成果新闻发布会背景材料(英)

发布时间: 2017-05-09 13:34:01  |  来源: 中国网  |  责任编辑: 张钰

Material for the press conference of the State Council Information Office

CAS's International Science and Technology Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative

(May 9, 2017)

Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has witnessed extensive scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation with Belt and Road countries and regions with an early start. A Belt and Road scientific and technological cooperation vision is now taking shape.

Since 2013, CAS has taken the lead in building a Belt and Road scientific and technological cooperation system combining talents, platforms and projects. CAS launched an International Outreach Initiative (IOI) targeting science and education cooperation among developing countries in 2013, and has spearheaded the establishment of a Belt and Road alliance of scientific and technological organizations.

The Belt and Road scientific and technological innovation system has become the new “landmark” and “name card” for further development.

I. Early strategic deployment and a key leadership role

Since Bai Chunli, President of CAS, was elected president of the World Academy of Sciences for the Advancement of Science in Developing Countries (TWAS), CAS has strategically laid out a solid foundation for Belt and Road international cooperation.

In September 2012 Bai Chunli was elected president of TWAS, the first Chinese scientist to serve in this post. In January 2013 Bai was inaugurated as TWAS president and immediately began the International Outreach Initiative (IOI), which falls into three categories: Program for Cultivating S&T Talents in Developing Countries, Overseas Science and Education Centers, and CAS-TWAS Centers of Excellence. The implementation of the International Outreach Initiative is of great strategic significance for deepening science and education cooperation between CAS and developing countries, improving CAS’ global science and education innovation and fully deploying the Belt and Road International Science and Technology Cooperation Initiative.

(I) Program for Cultivating S&T Talents in Developing Countries

The program aims at nurturing high-level technological talents in developing countries. It includes the CAS-TWAS President’s Fellowship Program, the Program for Visiting Scholars in Developing Countries, and the Program for S&T Capacity Building in Developing Countries.

1. CAS-TWAS President’s Fellowship Program

The CAS-TWAS President’s Fellowship Program is an important strategic science and technology talent reserve project of CAS, involving developing countries in medium-and-long-term science and technology cooperation. It will help China and CAS to accumulate a group of young science and technology talents who are familiar with and supportive of China. They will have a profound influence on China and CAS in scientific and technological cooperation over the next 10 to 20 years. According to the plan, by the year 2020, over 800 people will have received CAS-TWAS President’s Fellowship. More than 1,500 students will have benefited from the scholar project, and more than 700 PhD graduates will be available for work in developing countries.

2. Program for Visiting Scholars from Developing Countries

Designed to meet the demand for cooperation with developing countries, this program aims at attracting a group of outstanding scientists and engineers to co-conduct research in China, making use of the scientific research advantages of CAS-affiliated research centers. The program will quickly improve the skills of the scientists and engineers and establish pragmatic scientific research cooperation between CAS and developing countries.

3. Program for S&T Capacity Building in Developing Countries

This program will organize science and technology training for developing countries. It will advance training in various fields including biodiversity, agriculture and desertification prevention and control, biomedicine, astronomy, and climate and environmental studies, and develop information and internet technology for scientific and technical staff from developing countries.

(II) Overseas Science and Education Centers

The project, combining the demands of scientific and socioeconomic development of developing countries, sets up a number of overseas science and education centers with complementary advantages for S&T cooperation, mutual benefit and win-win results. To date, nine overseas science and education centers have been set up.

1. Central Asian Center of Drug Discovery and Development of CAS (Uzbekistan)

Focusing on research and development of medicinal drugs from natural sources in the Central Asia region, the center is a demonstration base for drug research and development and the transformation into medical products of scientific achievements in Central Asia. It promotes R&D and exchanges between countries regarding their local natural medical compounds and thus contributes to human health.

2. CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Tajikistan,and Kyrghyzstan)

To overcome common challenges, including water shortage, environmental deterioration, and climate change in Central Asia, and to meet the great demand for sustainable development of the ecology of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Silk Road Economic Belt, an environmental monitoring research network platform has been built. The platform covers experimental field observations and data analysis, satellite remote sensing, and technology experiments and demonstrations. It also fosters talents and provides scientific evidence for achieving regional cooperation and sustainable development.

3. Kathmandu Center for Research and Education, CAS (Nepal)

The center focuses on the third polar area (the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau), among others, looking at resources, the environment and global climate change, protection of biodiversity, and geological hazard monitoring and forecasting. The center is open to countries and regions in South Asia, Central Asia and West Asia and conducts scientific research cooperation, co-nurturing scientific and technological talents to promote regional and global sustainable development.

4. Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, CAS (Myanmar)

The center conducts and deepens cooperative study between China and Southeast Asian countries, such as Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam in various areas including biodiversity, traditional medicine, ethnobotany, sustainable use of biological resources, ecosystems and environmental changes. It improves local education and science and technology capability, and promotes effective and sustainable use of biodiversity resources.

5. China-Sri Lanka Joint Center for Education and Research (Sri Lanka)

Cooperating in areas such as marine meteorological disasters, marine ecosystems, drinking water safety, ecological environmental protection, biodiversity protection, and underwater archaeology to foster professional talents and improve the scientific research ability of Sri Lanka, the center is working to identify the causes of frequent chronic renal diseases in central and north Sri Lanka, and is cooperating with the Ministry of Commerce to provide assistance in the construction of a water technology research and demonstration center. The Ministry of Commerce is providing the infrastructure and research facilities for the center, while CAS and Sri Lanka are co-responsible for operations and scientific research cooperation. The center integrates CAS and local technology from domestic enterprises, helping to preserve people's livelihoods in Sri Lanka. It has also established a system to advance Sri Lanka’s marine meteorological forecasting.

6. China-Africa Joint Center for Research and Education, CAS (Kenya)

CAS has cooperated with the Ministry of Commerce to provide assistance in the construction of a China-Africa joint research center. (The Ministry of Commerce provides the infrastructure and research facilities, while CAS and the African participants are co-responsible for operations and scientific research cooperation.) It is open to east African countries such as Kenya and Tanzania, and among other things focuses on biodiversity protection, public health, agricultural technology, and environmental protection, which are issues of general concern for African countries. It also promotes cooperation between science and technology and higher education, helps African countries to improve their capacity for scientific research, and serves green and sustainable development in Africa.

7. CAS South America Center for Astronomy (Chile)

CAS builds a research platform jointly with Chile for astronomical observation and analysis. It is promoting cooperation between China and Chile, South America and indeed astronomy circles around the world.

8. China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather (Brazil)

The laboratory conducts integrated joint observations of the space environment foundation in the western hemisphere, data collection, and comparative studies of the near space environment in low latitude areas in the eastern and western hemispheres. It is an important complement to international space weather studies led by China.

9. CAS Innovation Cooperation Center (Thailand)

The center promotes scientific and technological innovation and cooperation between CAS and Southeast Asian countries and boosts transfer of leading scientific and technological achievements to industrial circles. It helps to foster high-level scientific and technological talents and provides policies, suggestions and support for regional economic development and industrial upgrading in Southeast Asia.

(III) CAS-TWAS Centers of Excellence

The project is aimed at choosing and supporting CAS-TWAS Centers dependent on CAS. It builds multilateral cooperative platforms of science and technology in areas of common concern to developing countries. It also administers a series of world-renowned conferences. It publishes influential professional consulting reports, and fosters and trains scientific and technological talents in developing countries. It also constitutes a coordinated and orderly platform for integrating its own advantages with those of overseas scientific education bases. To date, five CAS-TWAS Centers have been approved in the following areas: climate and environment, biotechnology, green technology, water and environmental protection and space disaster reduction.

II. CAS takes the lead in setting up a Belt and Road Alliance of Scientific Organizations

As a national leader in the science and technology sector, CAS integrates its research with the established international cooperation landscape, taking the lead in planning, overall coordination and strategic guidance. It spearheads the Belt and Road national and regional academies of sciences and other scientific research institutions to provide strong science and technology support for Belt and Road construction.

From November 7 to 8 2016, the 2016 Belt and Road International Symposium on Science, Technology and Innovation was held in Beijing, and was attended by over 350 Chinese and international scientists. More than 160 of the scholars and experts were from abroad. The symposium was jointly initiated by over 20 institutions, including CAS, TWAS, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyzstan Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tribhuvan University of Nepal, the University of Ruhuna of Sri Lanka, the International Center for Integrated Mountain Development, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the national research center of Egypt. Vice Premier Liu Yandong sent a congratulatory letter before the meeting and Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli gave specialized instructions, speaking highly of CAS’ effective work. The Belt and Road International Symposium on Science, technology and innovation realized a great success and had a huge impact. It was well accepted by the Chinese government and the international community, and marked the formation of the strategic organization of the Belt and Road scientific and technological alliance.

Currently, that alliance is comprised of 22 scientific national and regional research institutions including those from China, Russia, Mongolia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and Europe. The articles, operating mechanisms and organizational structure of the alliance are taking initial shape. The first alliance assembly is under preparation and the alliance will be formally established in 2017.

(I) Forum briefing

The forum was themed on “science, technology and innovation promote coordinated development”. Representatives conducted extensive and in-depth discussions on how science, technology and innovation can best meet the demands of the Belt and Road development, how to carry out pragmatic international cooperation in those areas to address major challenges, how to take advantage of each other’s opportunities, and how to build a Belt and Road community fostering scientific and technological innovation.

Here are the achievements and consensus reached at the forum:

1 The participants -- scientists and scholars -- said that they will apply science, technology and innovation to contribute to green and peaceful development of countries along the Belt and Road.

2 Participating scholars and experts unanimously agreed that science, technology and innovation are together an important impetus for the Belt and Road construction, and are the key means for countries along the Belt and Road and the international community to jointly cope with various development challenges. Since they play fundamental, strategic and leading roles they should undoubtedly become the priority areas for Belt and Road construction and cooperation. Scientific research institutions, especially state-run ones, should play a leading role in advancing scientific and technological cooperation. They should also hold joint strategic consultations towards international research plans, start to solve practical development issues, strengthen the nurturing of young researchers, and offer strong scientific and technological support to the Belt and Road construction.

3 A joint declaration was released at the forum. In closed door discussions,the participating leaders from over 20 national scientific research institutions reached consensus on several issues and jointly signed and issued the “Beijing Declaration”. Noting the two consensuses above, the declaration further illustrates the building of a long-term coordination and cooperation mechanism between scientific research institutions in countries along the Belt and Road and international science and technology organizations. A Belt and Road alliance of scientific and technological organizations will be set up and relevant working groups will be established to organize, support and implement international cooperation on science and technology. It will center on key areas on the Belt and Road construction and major science and technology challenges in areas like natural resources, environmental protection, national economies, people's livelihoods, health and sustainable development.

At the forum’s group discussion participants made many beneficial suggestions. They especially emphasized sharing of scientific research data, responding jointly to global science and technology challenges (for example, the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, climate change and the study of the third polar area), actively attracting involvement by European scientists, and reserving a bigger role for international and regional science and technology organizations. They also called for sending young Chinese scholars and students to learn about and interact with the Belt and Road countries in addition to fostering talents in those countries. They recommended that a corresponding education network should be built and that CAS should play a bigger role in advancing cooperation in science, technology and education. A sub-group responsible for fundamental research, capacity building and talent cultivation also issued a declaration announcing that an extra 70 Master’s and PhD students will be recruited by CAS to meet the demands of countries on the Belt and Road route.

(II) Significance and Follow-up

As it enters the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20) period, CAS is promoting Belt and Road scientific and technological cooperation as one of its top priorities. Through having taking part in the international forum the national academies of science and scientific research institutions in the countries along the Belt and Road will be more active, their support for scientific and technological strengthening of the Belt and Road will grow, and their confidence in cooperation will improve. In the future, CAS will conduct further systematic and pragmatic international scientific and technological cooperation centered on the national Belt and Road Initiative. The strengths of the national academies of science and scientific research institutions in the countries along the Belt and Road will be integrated and solutions to science and technology issues and challenges facing all affected countries will be found, helping to implement the national Belt and Road Initiative in a practical way.

Here are the concrete measures:

1 Improve the long-term mechanism for Belt and Road scientific and technological cooperation and the building of a cooperation network. Improve the international alliance of Belt and Road scientists and organize a group of influential and innovative scientific research projects to play a pragmatic role in the development of countries along the route.

2 Expand the cultivation of young scientific and technological talents in the countries along the Belt and Road. Set up scholarship programs targeting Masters’, PhD and post-graduate students in those countries. Set up a support plan for PhD students from developing countries to return to their homelands.

3 Adhere to pragmatic cooperation. Carry out international research plans in key areas of common concern with national academies of science and scientific research institutions in Belt and Road countries.

4 Play the role of a national think tank for science and technology. Carry out strategic consultancy with all relevant national scientific research institutions to provide S&T consultation and support for the Belt and Road construction.

The forum, expressing the common will of experts in science and technology fields in Belt and Road countries, was a milestone in emerging cooperation. As the national main force in science and technology, CAS, with confidence gained from China’s development, will join hands with all relevant national scientific research institutions to make its due contribution to similar development along the Belt and Road.

III. CAS launches the “Belt and Road International Science and Technology Cooperation Initiative”

In early 2016, CAS launched the “Belt and Road International Science and Technology Cooperation Initiative”. Cooperation in science and technology is the spearhead of the Belt and Road Initiative and will drive affected countries' economic development. It will enhance trust and provide advisory services and references for decision making. The initiative will also cultivate talents, and promote communication among Belt and Road countries.

(I) Principles and goals

Keep close track of needs, and strive for mutual benefits and win-win results. Science must take the lead, with a focus on frontier research. Promote communication and exchanges between peoples of different cultures. Pursue innovation-driven integrated development. Highlight the four priorities of strategic advising, science and technology cooperation, talents cultivation and marketization of scientific and technological achievements. Join hands with countries along the Belt and Road to forge a "science community" and "innovation community" featuring "equal cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning, reciprocity and mutual trust, mutual benefits, win-win results, and co-development". The Chinese Academy of Sciences will play a leading, guiding and supportive role in this process.

(II) Action plan

1 Set up a Belt and Road alliance of S&T organizations

2 Organize Belt and Road international cooperation programs

3 Build Belt and Road technological transfer mechanisms and platforms

4 Vigorously cultivate talents of science and technology

5 Build overseas science and education cooperation bases

(III) Supporting measures

1 Enhance academy-level integration, as well as inter-departmental interaction

2 Enhance communication between departments, and seek more policy support

3 Raise funds through various channels to support key programs

4 Expand cooperation scope and reach out to the int’l community for resources

5 Enhance institutional innovation, and improve management systems

Ⅳ. Achievements of Belt and Road construction supported by science and technology start to emerge

(I)Focus on cutting-edge technology to promote collaborative innovation among the countries along the Belt and Road by integrating advantageous resources in China and abroad.

Through diversified forms such as joint research projects, technology training and cooperation platform building, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) engages in in-depth scientific and technological cooperation with the countries along the Belt and Road on major topics such as scientific frontiers, global issues and livelihood development.

CAS has published over 100 outstanding papers and 12 monographs and obtained 17 patents based on its overseas science and education bases.

1 Aiming at the science frontier, CAS’ South America Center for Astronomy organized a China-Chile research team of outstanding astronomers. The team has already published 57 academic papers; 14 of them of high impact.

2 Based on the Kathmandu Center for Research and Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Tribhuvan University, CAS is engaged in long-term dynamic monitoring of the third pole area, working together with South Asia countries like Nepal and India as well as the United States and developed countries in Europe. Yao Tandong, a CAS chief scientist, became the first Vegas Medal winner in China in 2017. Yao’s basic research of the glacier, monsoon and environment in the third pole area is critical for studies of climate change according to the chairman of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, who explained that Yao’s research is of direct relevance to over 2 billion people and also helps to better understand the process of climate change. The so-called third pole area refers to certain parts of the Tibet Plateau, which are the third highest and coldest regions in the world.

3 CAS has made a biodiversity background survey in Africa by working together with scientific research personnel from Kenya and other countries, and has jointly compiled African Flora, which will help to lay a scientific foundation for ecological environment protection in Africa.

(II) Pay equal importance to education and scientific research and cultivate future leading science and technology talents in the countries along the Belt and Road

To strengthen cooperation with well-known overseas science and technology research organizations CAS has held extensive training in the appropriate technologies and science and technology management policies necessary to foster future talents and leading figures in developing countries.

CAS now has over 10,000 annual science and technology exchange and cooperation activities with the countries and regions along the Belt and Road. It has also introduced nearly 300 distinguished talents and sponsored over 600 overseas doctoral students from those areas.

1 The CAS-TWAS Centres of Excellence prioritizes the cultivation of science and technology talents in developing countries. It strives to foster them through diversified exchange and training programs, such as long and short-term training courses, and overseas technology and management training programs.

Over 750 students and scientific research personnel from over 40 countries, mostly from Belt and Road countries, are conducting research in CAS’s five Centers of Excellence. By making use of the CAS-TWAS President’s Fellowship Program, these centers play active roles in producing doctoral level education for developing countries.

More than 700 students from over 50 countries have taken their doctoral studies in CAS, sponsored by the CAS-TWAS President’s Fellowship Program.

Moreover, some visiting and post-doctoral scholars have participated in CAS research projects.

2 The CAS South America Center for Astronomy and CONICYT jointly started the China-CONICYT Postdoc Program. Post-doctoral researchers from the program have stood out because of their selection of influential frontier topics. The post-doctoral program is now internationally known and has a good reputation in academic circles.

3 CAS’s Central Asia Drug Research and Development Center has increasingly close exchanges with researchers in Central Asian countries. It has cultivated six Master’s and doctoral degree candidates. Currently it has three post-doctorates and 16 overseas students from Central Asian countries and has developed an R&D and innovation team of over 100 members.

(III) Promote transformation of scientific and technological achievements into useable and marketable products to boost the economic and ecological development of countries along the Belt and Road.

Focusing on the Belt and Road construction requirements and the innovation-driven development strategy, enhance interconnection of domestic and overseas advanced capacity and applicable technology to inject new vitality into the sustainable development of local economies.

1 CAS’ Central Asia Center of Drug Discovery and Development is focused on regional natural products research. The center will gradually develop into a Belt and Road pharmaceutical industry demonstration base, a shared international laboratory on natural compound segregation analysis, a technology pilot platform for natural drugs extraction, and a platform for achievement marketization.Using its advantages to meet demand, the center accomplished registration of pomegranate peel polyphenol effervescent tablets in Uzbekistan, comprehensive utilization of liquorice, R&D of a new medicine (TPN729), and collaborative research on the pharmacodynamics material basis of more than 10 distinguished medicinal materials in Central Asia, during which over 100 new compounds were found.

2 The CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Green Technology has assisted companies’ technological upgrading and cultivated a large number of technical personnel. Our Burmese partners have shown remarkable earnings from the green technology cooperation, turning deficits to profit, creating more local employment opportunities and promoting Burmese economic development.

3 The CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Water and the Environment has helped countries along the Belt and Road improve assurance of drinking water quality and water environment, and promoted technological cooperation of water-related industry through talent cultivation and technological platform cooperation.

4 The All-weather Integrated Anti-poaching Technology System has been customized to meet actual demands of protection of valuable and rare wildlife on the African savannah and to promote green and sustainable development in Africa through integrating China’s Beidou Satellite navigation, unmanned aerial vehicles and advanced internet technology.

(Ⅳ) Improve people’s well-being in the Belt and Road countries through scientific and technological advances

Developing countries are facing serious challenges in forecasting and dealing with natural disasters and in utilizing water resources in a benign way. Taking advantage of its experience in space disaster reduction and technologies for clean drinking water, CAS has provided scientific consultation in these areas as needed. CAS was recognized for providing a scientific and technological basis for this public benefit.

1 On April 25, 2015, Nepal was rocked by an 8.1-magnitude earthquake. Researchers from CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Space Disaster Reduction wasted no time on earthquake monitoring, conducting rapid analysis of the damage through its space disaster reduction technology platform. Meanwhile, the center cooperated with the International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) to quickly provide satellite sensing data and scientific analysis of the earthquake region, for which Nepal expressed its gratitude.

The center has implemented an Asia Space Disaster Reduction Scientific Cooperation Research Program, making available CAS’ proven space disaster reduction calculation and application system to cooperating countries and regions. The innovation ability of local researchers has been fostered and the natural disaster prevention and reduction capability of the region has been improved.

2 The CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Water and Environment became aware that people in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka are deeply afflicted by a nephropathy (CKDu) of unknown cause but related to drinking water. To respond to the urgent health demands of local people, the center researched the causes of CKDu with the Beijing Disease Prevention and Control Center, Peking University and its affiliated No 1 Hospital. The experts summarized the characteristics of CKDu and proposed the Sri Lanka Nephropathy for Uncertain Reasons Pathogenesis Research Plan to safeguard local people’s health.The program was also supported by the Ministry of Commerce. The co-constructed China-Sri Lanka Aquatic Technology United Research Center has become a key scientific and technological asset in the government’s fight against chronic nephropathy in Sri Lanka.The government of Sri Lanka attaches great importance to the program, giving support equal to 70 million yuan ($10.16 million).

(V) Systematic research and analysis, providing strategic consultation for the Belt and Road countries’ future development

In 2016, the CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Biological Technology released the Developing Countries Biological Technology Competitiveness Analysis Report, providing a scientific and technological review of developing countries’ biological high-tech capacity to UNESCO for the first time. It will be referenced in future studies of other technologies in developing countries.

The report has had great influence in many countries. It has been reprinted by many organizations including the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and referred to by the Academy of Science of South Africa, the Academy of Science of Pakistan, the National Research Center of Egypt and the Academy of Sciences of Malaysia. Due to the report, the Spanish Silk Road Fund invited CAS to make recommendations and selections for its biological programs.

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