·译学研究·

离散译者的文化使命

孙艺风（岭南大学翻译系 香港 屯门）

摘 要：从跨文化交流的视角出发，原则上异化翻译是值得肯定的，因可使译者可能进行的干预和操纵降至最低程度，从而促成译文读者“直接地”体验原作的“真实”形式。其结果不言自明：重大的误解和误译的机会大为减少。但是，如果出现认知偏差或对其处理不当，异化翻译也会导致邯郸学步，造成译文表述荒谬，乃至丧失意义。要化解归化与异化之间旷日持久之争，可另辟新径，将文化流散这一概念引入翻译研究。无论是施莱尔马赫将译文读者“放逐异域” 的主张，还是韦努蒂具浓重政治色彩的论述——反对根植并且滥觞于“英美文化”的“隐形”翻译策略，均未能给予异化翻译充分和令人信服的理论解释。与翻译相关的文化流散，意味着对文化身份的反思，并且使翻译转向到离散语域，以分析和解决源语与目的语文本之间缺乏联系的问题。所用的方法是：在策略上重新定位目的语读者的文化家园，从而避免使作为复制品的译作对原文的丰富性和复杂性大打折扣；译作反应的不仅是原作的本质属性，更重要的是其异域特质。

关键词：文化离散; 异化翻译; 可达性; 身份杂合; 文化导游

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0003-08

The Diasporic Translator’s Cultural Mission

Sun Yifeng

(Department of Translation, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong)

Abstract: Seen from a cross-cultural point of view, foreignizing translation is commendable, for it minimizes the translator’s interference or manipulation, making it possible to experience the original text somewhat“directly”and“authentically,”hence significantly reducing the possibility of misinterpretation or misrepresentation. Yet if erroneously understood and improperly handled, foreignization could also go wayward, resulting in nonsensical or even absurd rendition of the source text. The opposition between foreignization and domestication has long driven translation into an impasse. About this situation neither Schleiermacher’s celebrated proposal to force the target reader into“exile”nor Venuti’s overly politicized harangue against the“invisible”translating strategy, which is rooted in and overflowing from“Anglo-American culture,”has theorized adequately and convincingly. For an eventual resolution of the problem and a truly new conception of translation, we may introduce the concept of cultural diaspora. Within the context of translation, cultural diaspora means rethinking cultural identity and moving towards a diasporic register as a remedy for the insufficient connections between the source and target texts. By strategically relocating the cultural home of the target reader to this new register, we will be able both to avoid reducing the richness and complexity of the original in the created replica and to represent the salient foreign features and other essential qualities of the source text.

Key words: cultural diaspora; foreignizing translation; accessibility; identity; hybridity; cultural tour

解构与整合的比较研究

王斌（上海理工大学，上海 200093）

摘 要：本文从哲学基础，文本解读和对待翻译的态度等方面将解构主义理论和概念整合理论作了比较研究。通过比较我们发现两种理论共享反二元对立的哲学思想，认为文本的解读和翻译都是开放、反复和创造性的，但在对待文本解构和重构的方式上存在分歧；对待翻译的态度上也有不一致的地方，主体性、矢量性和规律性是分歧的焦点。然而，概念整合理论解决了解构主义理论无法解决的矛盾：复原与创造。

关键词：翻译；解构；概念整合

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0011-04

Deconstruction versus Conceptual Integration

Wang Bin

(University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093，China)

Abstract: A comparative study of deconstruction and conceptual integration as two theoretical models throws much philosophical light on the hermeneutics of translation. It shows that they share an opposition against logocentrism and a belief in the open, reiterative, and creative nature of interpretation/translation. Yet they fail to concur when it comes to what general stance we should adopt toward translation and how text can be deconstructed and reconstructed, clashing with each other in particular over the issues of subjectivity, vector and regularity. Overall, conceptual integration theory enjoys one distinct advantage over that of deconstruction: it offers a warrantable explanation of the relation between restoration and recreation in translation, which is quite beyond the latter’s reach.

Keywords: translation; deconstruction; conceptual integration

解读“norm”

林克难（天津外国语学院翻译系，天津 300204）

摘 要：norm（行为常式）是描写翻译学派理论的核心。行为常式是动态的，非规范性的，在各种条件的相互作用下形成的。不但不同的时代有不同的行为常式，而且同一个时代也会同时出现各种不同的行为常式。翻译研究的一项重要任务，就是采取描写的手段、历史地归纳总结这些行为常式，并研究每一种行为常式形成背后的政治、文化、意识形态以及其它各种因素。

关键词：行为常式；描写翻译学派；翻译标准

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0015-04

Interpreting “Norm”

Lin Kenan

（English Department, Tianjin Foreign Studies University，Tianjin 300204，China）

Abstract: Norms constitute the kernel of descriptive translation studies. Dynamic and non-prescriptive, a norm takes shape under the interactive influence of various factors. Not only does it vary and evolve diachronically, it has never been uniformed and monolithic synchronically. The concept of norm poses therefore a challenge to translation studies to come up with a description of the normative modes of translation during a certain historical period, and to identify the political, cultural, ideological and other factors accounting for the formation of each of these modes.

Key words: norm; descriptive translation studies; translation rule

·海外专稿·

On the Craft of Translation*

Göran Malmqvist

Abstract: In the following talk, Professor Malmqvist addresses the topic of the difficulty of translation, arguing that it results from the difference in patterning between the two languages involved in the translational process. He insists that ideally, the translator should be a highly skilled craftsman with a double responsibility toward both the writer of the original text and his own readers. The translator should try his or her very best to imitate the original author, and the translation should strive to be a likeness of the original. He also suggests that literary translation be seen as an important part of cultural communication.

Key words：craft; craftsman; difficulty of translation; linguistic patterning; responsibility; imitation

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0019-03

论 译 技

马悦然

摘 要：作者认为，翻译之所以困难，是因为翻译过程涉及的两种语言具有不同的结构形态；理想的译者必须有高超的翻译技巧，并且同时对原文作者和译文读者负责。译者应尽力模仿原文作者，理想的译文必须与原文相像。此外，作者还提议将文学翻译看成是文化交流的重要组成部分。

关键词：技艺；艺师；翻译之难；语言模式；责任；模仿

·文学翻译·

文学翻译：一种诗化意义上的探讨①

曹山柯（广东商学院, 广东 广州510320）

摘 要：本文从诗化意义的角度探讨文学翻译问题。本文的观点是：文学翻译的本质是诗化的，但这并不意味着要剔除真实。移情和虚无是诗化的重要特征之一，它们展示了同一源语文学文本产生出多种真实翻译文本的可能。这似乎是一个悖论，但我们从中看到了虚无中的真实和真实中的虚无。

关键词：文学翻译；诗化；移情；虚无

中图分类号：I059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0022-05

Translation of Literary Works: A Research into the Poetized Significance

Cao Shanke

（Guangdong University of Business Studies，Guangzhou 510320,China）

Abstract：This paper discusses the problems in translating literary works from the perspective of poetized significance. It maintains that while literary translation is essentially a process of poetization, it does not have to renounce fidelity to the original text. Poetization counts among its most important characteristics empathy and emptiness, which make it possible to produce multiple authentic translations out of the same original text. This possibility may sound paradoxical, yet embodied in it is the reciprocity between truth and emptiness.

Key words: literary translation; poetization; empathy; emptiness

意识形态对安徒生童话译介的操纵

——以《卖火柴的女孩》中文译本为例

梁志坚* （莆田学院外语系, 福建 莆田 351100）

摘 要: 通过分析安徒生的作品《卖火柴的女孩》在中国的误读和接受，探讨意识形态对安徒生童话译介的操纵。《卖火柴的女孩》在中国家喻户晓，通常解读为安徒生通过卖火柴的女孩的死揭露和抨击罪恶社会制度，表达了作者对劳动人民的深切同情。但分析该文的创作背景，从宗教文化的角度看，却并非如此，造成误读的原因在于中西方读者的文化差异，而译者则受意识形态的制控，有意识地回避之，是对原文的一种“叛逆”。

关键词：意识形态操控；安徒生；译介；卖火柴的女孩

中图分类号：I059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0027-05

Chinese Reading of“The Match Girl” and Ideologically Manipulated Translation of Anderson’s Fairy Tales

Liang Zhijian

(Foreign Languages Department, Putian University, Putian 351100, China)

Abstract: This paper takes the reception of H.C. Anderson’s“The Match Girl”in China as an exemplar illustrating the way the Chinese translation of his fairy tales in general is subject to ideological manipulation. One of Anderson’s best-known fairy tales,“The Match Girl”has always been construed by its Chinese readers as a condemnation of the evil capitalist system, and as an expression of his sympathy for its victims as well. Yet neither Anderson’s literary background nor his religious upbringing would support such an interpretation. What accounts for this prevalent misreading is in part the cultural differences between the Danish and the Chinese readers, and in part a deliberate suppression of such differences by the Chinese translator who chose to betray the original text rather than resist the dominant ideology’s impact upon literary translation.

Key words: translation; manipulation; ideology; H.C.Anderson;“The Match Girl”

·翻译教学·

翻译专业硕士(MIT)的设置

——翻译学学科发展的新方向

仲伟合

（广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院，广东广州 510420）

摘 要：本文分析了目前国内翻译学学科发展的现状，认为翻译学尚未在全国的高等教育体系中得以普及。作者提出了设置培养高层次、应用型翻译人才的“翻译专业硕士学位”的必要性与可行性，同时提出了“翻译专业硕士学位”的试行培养方案、课程设置等。认为翻译专业硕士学位的设置是翻译学学科发展的新方向。

关键词：翻译专业硕士；MIT; 翻译学

中图分类号：H059 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-873X(2006)01-0032-04

The Master of Interpreting and Translation (MIT) Program:

A New Development in the Disciplinary Construction of

Translation Studies in China

Zhong Weihe

(School of Interpreting and Translation Studies, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510420, China)

Abstract: The setting up of graduate degree programs in translation studies by Shanghai International Studies University in 2004 is a milestone in the growth of the field into an independent discipline in China. The Shanghai model, however, may not be applicable to most of the institutions of higher learning in the country. It is necessary and feasible to design a new Master of Interpreting and Translation (MIT) program, one that would help train more professional interpreters and translators to meet the need of China’s economic and social development. A tentative curriculum is also offered for the proposed MIT.

Key words: interpreting; translation; MIT; translation studies